秘鲁2019冠状病毒病大流行期间（2020 - 2022年）与大流行前时期（2015 - 2019年）相比的艾滋病毒发病率变化：一项观察性研究。
Changes in HIV incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-22) compared with the pre-pandemic period (2015-19) in Peru: An observational study.
作者信息
Ramírez-Soto Max Carlos, Arroyo-Hernández Hugo
机构信息
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnológica del Peru, Lima, Peru.
Universidad de Huánuco, Huánuco, Peru.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2025 Jun 2;20(6):e0324784. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0324784. eCollection 2025.
INTRODUCTION
During the COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmaceutical interventions affected the screening of sexually transmitted infections. We investigated the incidence of HIV infection during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with incidence in the pre-pandemic period.
METHODS
In this observational study, we analyzed HIV surveillance data for all age-groups from 25 geographically diverse regions in Peru from Jan 1, 2015 to Dec 31, 2022. HIV incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020, 2021, and 2022) was compared with pre-pandemic rates (2015-19).
RESULTS
Overall, there were 65,166 new cases of HIV infection from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2022. HIV incidence risk ratio (IRR) was 26% lower in 2020 (IRR = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.71-0.76), 5% higher in 2021 (IRR = 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.08) and 16% higher in 2022 (IRR = 1.16; CI, 1.13-1.20), compared with the pre-pandemic period. Furthermore, compared with the pre-pandemic period, the annual incidence of HIV among men was 29% lower in 2020 (IRR = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.68-0.73), 4% higher in 2021 (IRR = 1.04, 95% CI, 1.01-1.08) and 10% higher in 2022 (IRR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.06-1.14). In the age-stratified analysis, the annual HIV incidence in 2020 was 21 and 33% lower for those aged 18-29 (IRR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.75-0.83) and 30-59 (IRR = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.64-0.70), respectively, compared with the pre-pandemic period. Finally, annual HIV incidence has decreased in 11 out of 25 regions in 2020, compared with the pre-pandemic period.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study showed that during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the incidence of HIV infection in the population of Peru decreased. However, this incidence began to return to pre-pandemic rates in 2021, coinciding with the easing or elimination of non-pharmaceutical interventions. By 2022, the incidence of HIV infection was higher than in the pre-pandemic period, especially in regions of the Peruvian Amazon.
引言
在新冠疫情期间，非药物干预措施影响了性传播感染的筛查。我们调查了新冠疫情期间与疫情前时期相比的艾滋病毒感染发病率。
方法
在这项观察性研究中，我们分析了2015年1月1日至2022年12月31日期间秘鲁25个地理区域不同年龄组的艾滋病毒监测数据。将新冠疫情期间（2020年、2021年和2022年）的艾滋病毒发病率与疫情前时期（2015 - 2019年）进行比较。
结果
总体而言，2015年1月1日至2022年12月31日期间共有65166例新的艾滋病毒感染病例。2020年艾滋病毒发病率风险比（IRR）降低了26%（IRR = 0.74；95%CI，0.71 - 0.76），2021年升高了5%（IRR = 1.05；95%CI，1.02 - 1.08），2022年升高了16%（IRR = 1.16；CI，1.13 - 1.20），与疫情前时期相比。此外，与疫情前时期相比，2020年男性艾滋病毒年发病率降低了29%（IRR = 0.71；95%CI，0.68 - 0.73），2021年升高了4%（IRR = 1.04，95%CI，1.01 - 1.08），2022年升高了10%（IRR = 1.10；95%CI，1.06 - 1.14）。在年龄分层分析中，与疫情前时期相比，2020年18 - 29岁人群（IRR =
0.79；95%CI，0.75 - 0.83）和30 - 59岁人群（IRR = 0.67；95%CI，0.64 - 0.70）的艾滋病毒年发病率分别降低了21%和33%。最后，与疫情前时期相比，2020年25个地区中有11个地区的艾滋病毒年发病率有所下降。
结论
我们的研究表明，在2020年新冠疫情期间，秘鲁人群中的艾滋病毒感染发病率下降。然而，这一发病率在2021年开始回升至疫情前水平，这与非药物干预措施的放宽或取消相吻合。到2022年，艾滋病毒感染发病率高于疫情前时期，尤其是在秘鲁亚马逊地区。
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