Caridi Simona, Maccauro Valeria, Cerrito Lucia, Ianiro Gianluca, Pallozzi Maria, Stella Leonardo, Gasbarrini Antonio, Ponziani Francesca Romana
Liver Unit, Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Vaccines (Basel). 2025 May 30;13(6):591. doi: 10.3390/vaccines13060591.
Recent advancements in understanding how cancer cells evade immune recognition have led to significant progress in cancer immunotherapy. Therapeutic cancer vaccines hold great promise due to their safety, specificity, and ability to establish lasting immune memory, serving as an effective immunotherapy either alone or in combination with other treatments in clinical research. Cancer vaccines aim to restore the host's innate and adaptive anti-cancer immune responses by stimulating antigen-presenting processes and reversing the immunosuppressive environment that facilitates tumor immune evasion and metastasis. Although in clinical studies cancer vaccines have been observed to not effectively induce tumor regression, they can enhance local immune responses in combination with other immunotherapeutic agents, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), thus delaying cancer recurrence and prolonging overall survival in advanced tumor settings.
近年来，在了解癌细胞如何逃避免疫识别方面取得的进展，推动了癌症免疫治疗的重大进步。治疗性癌症疫苗因其安全性、特异性以及建立持久免疫记忆的能力而具有巨大潜力，在临床研究中，无论是单独使用还是与其他治疗方法联合使用，都可作为一种有效的免疫疗法。癌症疫苗旨在通过刺激抗原呈递过程和扭转有利于肿瘤免疫逃逸及转移的免疫抑制环境，来恢复宿主的先天性和适应性抗癌免疫反应。尽管在临床研究中观察到癌症疫苗不能有效诱导肿瘤消退，但它们可与其他免疫治疗药物（如免疫检查点抑制剂）联合使用，增强局部免疫反应，从而在晚期肿瘤患者中延缓癌症复发并延长总生存期。
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