睡眠：青少年运动员健康的关键因素
Sleep: A Game Changer for Youth Athlete Wellbeing.
作者信息
Tate Tanisha, Main Luana C, Roberts Spencer, Bruce Lyndell
机构信息
Centre for Sport Research, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
出版信息
Sports Health. 2025 Jul 8:19417381251350693. doi: 10.1177/19417381251350693.
BACKGROUND
Youth athletes may have reduced opportunities for sufficient sleep, and often report poor mental health and wellbeing.
HYPOTHESIS
Most youth athletes obtain less than recommended duration and quality of sleep, with associated reduced wellbeing.
STUDY DESIGN
Prospective observational study.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level 3.
METHODS
Sleep was monitored in 98 youth athletes (15.19 ± 2.08 years) for 8 consecutive weeks. Wellbeing was self-reported weekly using the Multicomponent Training Distress Scale (MTDS) and the Short Recovery Stress Scale (SRSS).
RESULTS
Adolescent athletes averaged 7.0 (±1.1) hours sleep per night, but did not meet recommended daily sleep duration (ie, ≥8 hours) on >80% of nights studied. Significant sleep disturbances were detected in 40% of participants. Total sleep time measured via actigraphy was associated negatively with MTDS depression (all values given as [β; CI)] (-0.50; -0.95-0.05), stress (-0.78; -1.23-0.33) and sleep disturbance (-0.62; -0.97-0.27) subscales and overall score (-2.57; -4.27-0.87), and the SRSS stress subscale (-0.82; -1.50-0.15) ( < 0.05). Subjective sleep quality measured via sleep diaries was associated positively with all MTDS scores including depression (0.85; 0.50-1.19), sleep disturbance (1.04; 0.72-1.35), and physical symptom (0.60; 0.13-1.08) subscales, and the SRSS stress subscale (1.67; 0.91-2.43), and negatively with SRSS recovery subscale (-1.02; -1.64-0.41). Fatigue ratings before bed and upon awakening were associated positively with all MTDS subscales and the SRSS stress subscale (1.23; 0.74-1.71) (1.26; 0.79-1.74) ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Many adolescent athletes do not meet current sleep recommendations, and inadequate duration and/or quality of sleep in this population is associated with poorer self-reported wellbeing.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Education surrounding sleep in youth athletes should emphasize the importance of adequate sleep, alongside the maintenance of regular sleeping patterns to promote wellbeing and mental health.
背景
青少年运动员可能缺乏充足睡眠的机会，且常报告心理健康状况不佳。
假设
大多数青少年运动员的睡眠时间和质量未达推荐标准，导致幸福感下降。
研究设计
前瞻性观察研究。
证据水平
3级。
方法
对98名青少年运动员（15.19±2.08岁）连续8周进行睡眠监测。每周通过多成分训练压力量表（MTDS）和简短恢复压力量表（SRSS）进行幸福感的自我报告。
结果
青少年运动员平均每晚睡眠7.0（±1.1）小时，但在超过80%的研究夜晚未达到推荐的每日睡眠时间（即≥8小时）。40%的参与者检测到明显的睡眠障碍。通过活动记录仪测量的总睡眠时间与MTDS抑郁（所有值表示为[β；置信区间]）（-0.50；-0.95 - 0.05）、压力（-0.78；-1.23 - 0.33）和睡眠障碍（-0.62；-0.97 - 0.27）分量表及总分（-2.57；-4.27 - 0.87），以及SRSS压力分量表（-0.82；-1.50 - 0.15）呈负相关（P<0.05）。通过睡眠日记测量的主观睡眠质量与所有MTDS评分呈正相关，包括抑郁（0.85；0.50 - 1.19）、睡眠障碍（1.04；0.72 - 1.35）和身体症状（0.60；0.13 - 1.08）分量表，以及SRSS压力分量表（1.67；0.91 - 2.43），与SRSS恢复分量表呈负相关（-1.02；-1.64 - 0.41）。睡前和醒来时的疲劳评分与所有MTDS分量表和SRSS压力分量表呈正相关（1.23；0.74 - 1.71）（1.26；0.79 - 1.74）（P<0.05）。
结论
许多青少年运动员未达到当前的睡眠建议，该人群睡眠时长和/或质量不足与自我报告的幸福感较差有关。
临床意义
针对青少年运动员的睡眠教育应强调充足睡眠的重要性，同时保持规律的睡眠模式以促进幸福感和心理健康。
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