Erdman Alon, Gouwy Arne, Sananes Gal, Salman Mayan, Eizenstien Lior, Eliav Shimon, Eldar Eran
Department of Psychology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Nat Commun. 2025 Jul 9;16(1):6310. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-61609-0.
The tendency to embrace or avoid risk varies across and within individuals, with significant consequences for economic behavior and mental health. Such variations can partially be explained by differences in the relative weights given to potential gains and losses. Applying this insight to real-life decisions, however, is complicated because such decisions are often based on prior learning experiences. Here, we ask which cognitive process-decision-making or learning-determines the weighting of gains or losses? Over 28 days, 100 participants engaged in a longitudinal decision task wherein choices were based on prior learning. Computational modeling of participants' choices revealed that changes in risk-taking are primarily explained by changes in how learning, not decisions, weight gains and losses. Moreover, inferred changes in learning manifested in participants' neural and physiological learning signals in response to outcomes. We conclude that in experience-based decisions, learning plays a primary role in governing risk-taking behavior.
接受或规避风险的倾向在个体之间以及个体内部都存在差异，这对经济行为和心理健康有着重大影响。这种差异部分可以通过对潜在收益和损失赋予的相对权重的不同来解释。然而，将这一见解应用于现实生活中的决策却很复杂，因为此类决策往往基于先前的学习经验。在此，我们要问的是，哪种认知过程——决策还是学习——决定了收益或损失的权重？在28天的时间里，100名参与者参与了一项纵向决策任务，其中的选择基于先前的学习。对参与者选择的计算建模表明，冒险行为的变化主要是由学习（而非决策）对收益和损失的权重变化来解释的。此外，学习的推断变化体现在参与者对结果做出反应的神经和生理学习信号中。我们得出结论，在基于经验的决策中，学习在控制冒险行为方面起着主要作用。
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