Ahmad El-Hellani, Danielle Davis, Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (VA), USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven (CT), USA.
World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 2021;1029:207-239. Epub 2021 May 4.
Nicotine and tobacco products contain characterizing flavours that mask their harshness, ease their use and increase their acceptability. Recent estimates indicate that flavour use is common, and thousands of flavours are now available for electronic nicotine delivery systems. Non-traditional flavours, like fruit and confectionery, are particularly appealing to young people, and use of these flavours is also increasing among adults, especially among adult smokers who are trying to quit smoking. Flavours in all nicotine and tobacco products have been shown not only to increase the appeal and first use of the products but may also contribute to extent of use, progression from experimental to regular use and dependence. Another concern is that chemicals in flavours may contribute to the toxicity of these products. Flavours are not regulated uniformly in nicotine and tobacco products or among countries. Some countries ban all flavours in all products, others have bans on only some flavours (e.g. excluding menthol), while others include only certain products (e.g. traditional products, such as cigarettes and smokeless tobacco) in regulations. This report on flavours in nicotine and tobacco products calls for adoption of common terminology for flavours in nicotine and tobacco products and consideration of policy for reducing the availability of flavoured nicotine and tobacco products on the market to those for which there is clear evidence of benefit in assisting smokers in quitting use of traditional smoked tobacco products.
尼古丁和烟草制品含有独特的味道，这些味道掩盖了它们的刺激性，使使用更加容易，并提高了它们的可接受性。最近的估计表明，调味剂的使用很普遍，现在有成千上万种调味剂可用于电子尼古丁传送系统。非传统口味，如水果和糖果味，对年轻人特别有吸引力，而且这些口味在成年人中的使用也在增加，尤其是在试图戒烟的成年吸烟者中。所有尼古丁和烟草制品中的调味剂不仅会增加产品的吸引力和初次使用的可能性，还可能会影响使用程度、从尝试使用发展到经常使用以及成瘾。另一个担忧是，调味剂中的化学物质可能会增加这些产品的毒性。尼古丁和烟草制品中的调味剂在各国之间以及在尼古丁和烟草制品中并没有统一的监管。一些国家禁止所有产品中的所有调味剂，另一些国家只禁止某些调味剂（如不含薄荷醇），而其他国家的法规只涵盖某些产品（如传统产品，如香烟和无烟烟草）。这份关于尼古丁和烟草制品中调味剂的报告呼吁采用关于尼古丁和烟草制品中调味剂的通用术语，并考虑制定政策，减少市场上调味尼古丁和烟草制品的供应，使其仅限于那些有明确证据表明有助于吸烟者戒除传统烟熏烟草制品的产品。
