Green Tabitha R F, Pingen Marieke, Edgar Julia M
School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Discov Immunol. 2025 Apr 29;4(1):kyaf008. doi: 10.1093/discim/kyaf008. eCollection 2025.
Oligodendrocytes are responsible for the myelination of axons and providing trophic and metabolic support to the myelinated axon. They also interact with immune effector cells, including microglia and T cells, hence, are involved in central nervous system immune regulation. Given the crucial roles for oligodendrocytes and myelin in axonal function and maintenance, dysfunction, whether through cell death, myelin injury and loss, or failure in normal myelin formation, impairs neurological function. In diseases such as multiple sclerosis, the leukodystrophies, and viral infection, neuroinflammation is an important effector of myelin injury, having secondary consequences for the myelinated axon. In this review, we discuss the role of oligodendrocytes in health and inflammatory disease, with a focus on the interplay between inflammation and oligodendrocyte-axon interactions.
少突胶质细胞负责轴突的髓鞘形成，并为有髓鞘的轴突提供营养和代谢支持。它们还与免疫效应细胞相互作用，包括小胶质细胞和T细胞，因此参与中枢神经系统的免疫调节。鉴于少突胶质细胞和髓鞘在轴突功能和维持中起着关键作用，功能障碍，无论是通过细胞死亡、髓鞘损伤和丢失，还是正常髓鞘形成失败，都会损害神经功能。在多发性硬化症、脑白质营养不良和病毒感染等疾病中，神经炎症是髓鞘损伤的重要效应器，对有髓鞘的轴突有继发性影响。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了少突胶质细胞在健康和炎症性疾病中的作用，重点是炎症与少突胶质细胞-轴突相互作用之间的相互影响。
