Lucas Sandra, Leach Matthew J, Kimble Rachel, Cheyne Joshua
School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Lanarkshire G72 0LH, UK.
Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
Nutrients. 2025 Jul 7;17(13):2247. doi: 10.3390/nu17132247.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are a significant global health burden, contributing to increased healthcare use, absenteeism, and economic strain. While clinical treatments exist, many individuals use traditional dietary remedies such as soup to relieve symptoms. Soup is thought to support recovery through hydration, warmth, nutritional content, and possible anti-inflammatory effects. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of soup consumption on adults with ARTIs, focusing on symptom severity, illness duration, absenteeism, immune response, inflammatory biomarkers, and overall well-being.
A systematic literature search was conducted in February 2024 across MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, clinical trial registries, and supplementary sources. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, non-randomized trials, and controlled before-after studies evaluating soup as an intervention for ARTIs. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. A narrative synthesis was undertaken due to heterogeneity in study design and outcome measures. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023481236).
Four studies (n = 342) met inclusion criteria. Interventions commonly included chicken-based soups with vegetables and herbs. Comparators varied (e.g., no treatment, water, or alternative soup). Findings showed modest reductions in symptom severity and illness duration (by 1-2.5 days). Two studies reported reductions in inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, TNF-α, CRP). No studies reported on absenteeism or well-being.
Soup may offer modest benefits for ARTIs, particularly for symptom relief and inflammation. Further well-designed studies are needed to evaluate its broader clinical and functional impacts.
背景/目的：急性呼吸道感染（ARTIs）是一项重大的全球健康负担，导致医疗保健使用增加、旷工和经济压力增大。虽然存在临床治疗方法，但许多人使用汤等传统饮食疗法来缓解症状。汤被认为通过补水、保暖、营养成分以及可能的抗炎作用来促进康复。本系统评价旨在评估饮用汤对患有急性呼吸道感染的成年人的治疗效果，重点关注症状严重程度、疾病持续时间、旷工情况、免疫反应、炎症生物标志物和整体健康状况。
2024年2月在MEDLINE、Scopus、CINAHL、Cochrane图书馆、临床试验注册库和补充来源中进行了系统的文献检索。符合条件的研究包括评估汤作为急性呼吸道感染干预措施的随机对照试验、非随机试验和前后对照研究。两名评审员独立筛选研究、提取数据，并使用Cochrane偏倚风险2工具评估偏倚风险。由于研究设计和结果测量的异质性，进行了叙述性综合分析。该方案已在PROSPERO（CRD42023481236）注册。
四项研究（n = 342）符合纳入标准。干预措施通常包括含蔬菜和草药的鸡汤。对照各不相同（例如，不治疗、水或替代汤）。结果显示症状严重程度和疾病持续时间有适度降低（缩短1 - 2.5天）。两项研究报告炎症生物标志物（IL - 6、TNF - α、CRP）有所降低。没有研究报告旷工情况或健康状况。
汤可能对急性呼吸道感染有适度益处，特别是在缓解症状和减轻炎症方面。需要进一步设计良好的研究来评估其更广泛的临床和功能影响。
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