Impacts of Armed Conflicts on Healthcare and Nutrition Services in Ethiopia: A Narrative Review.

Armed conflicts in Ethiopia have profoundly impacted healthcare and nutrition services, exacerbating pre-existing vulnerabilities and introducing new challenges. This narrative review synthesizes peer-reviewed literature and reports to offer a comprehensive understanding of the effects of war and conflict on healthcare and nutrition services in Ethiopia. The review included peer-reviewed articles and gray literature published between 2015 and 2025 that focused on healthcare and nutrition services in conflict-affected regions of Ethiopia. The review underscores the geographical barriers, infrastructure damage, and resource constraints that impede access to healthcare facilities and disrupt essential medical services. Maternal and child health services have been particularly affected, with limited antenatal care, increased maternal mortality, and disrupted vaccination programs. The conflict has also precipitated a severe food crisis, characterized by widespread food insecurity and acute malnutrition among children in conflict zones. Displaced populations face heightened risks of disease and malnutrition due to overcrowded conditions, limited access to water and sanitation, and disrupted livelihoods. The review emphasizes the urgent need for humanitarian assistance, including food, water, shelter, and healthcare, to prevent further deterioration of the situation. Collaborative approaches focusing on peacebuilding and health infrastructure investment are essential for restoring services and improving health outcomes. The review aims to inform policymakers, healthcare providers, and humanitarian organizations about the challenges faced by conflict-affected communities and the importance of targeted interventions to address the immediate and long-term needs of these populations.