The association between periodontal health, neuropsychiatric status and metabolic indicators by assessing salivary Vitamin D and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels is of interest. Eighty participants were categorized into four groups based on periodontal and neuropsychiatric status. Patients with both periodontitis and neuropsychiatric disorders showed significantly higher age, BMI, plaque index and probing depth and lower Vitamin D, BDNF levels and mental health scores (p < 0.001). No significant correlation was observed between biochemical markers and periodontal parameters. The findings suggest a potential link between periodontal inflammation and neuropsychiatric conditions, emphasizing the relevance of multidisciplinary care.