高通量三维和多光谱表型分析能否检测葡萄树对水分胁迫事件的早期反应？

Paladini Francesco, Patono Davide Lucien, De Palo Fernando, Acquadro Alberto, Lovisolo Claudio

Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), Plant Genetics and Physiology, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy.

Plant Sci. 2025 Aug 18;360:112725. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112725.

Phenotyping is pivotal in biological and agronomical research, enabling the characterization of phenotypic traits in living organisms. Recent advancements have led to the development of innovative platforms that enhance the precision of phenotyping, integrating genetic and ecophysiological analyses for a comprehensive understanding of plant growth under controlled conditions. These technologies are instrumental in studying plant responses to environmental stresses, such as drought, which disrupts water balance in plants. This study focuses on the adaptability of grafted grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) to drought stress, emphasizing the rootstock influence on scion performance. The experimental trial was performed at 'PhenoPlant,' a cutting-edge phenotyping platform at the University of Torino, DISAFA. PhenoPlant is a non-invasive, high-throughput tool that employs advanced technologies, including a PlantEye sensor for 3D vision and multispectral imaging, measurement of the potted-plant evapotranspiration by gravimetric technique, water potential assessment and Infra-Red Gas Analysis for leaf-to-atmosphere gas exchange detection. Grapevine responses to drought stress across eleven scion/rootstock combinations, featuring clones of Nebbiolo and Pinot Noir grafted onto rootstocks with varying drought tolerance were assessed. A 13-day drought-recovery experiment on grafted 1-year old plants, three months after in-pot-transplanting revealed significant differences in drought responses among rootstock/scion combinations. Drought-tolerant rootstocks (e.g., 1103 P, 110 R, 140Ru, M2) maintained stable spectrometric indices (e.g.: GLI, Green Leaf Index) mirroring morpho-physiological ones (e.g., Leaf Surface Angle - SA, Stomatal Conduction - gs, Stem Water Potential and Evapotranspiration), unlike their less tolerant counterparts (e.g., Kober 5BB, SO4, 420 A, Gravesac). In particular, after 10 days of water removal, a reduced variation in some traits was observed in tolerant combinations (SA: 39-44°; GLI ≈ 0.33-0.35; gs: 34.5-45.4 mmol H₂O·m⁻²·s⁻¹), while decreasing markedly in sensitive ones (SA: 27-35°; GLI: 0.28-0.32; gs: 8.6-10.8 mmol H₂O·m⁻²·s⁻¹), underscoring the rootstock's crucial role in drought response, independently from scion cultivar. These findings are vital for a fast and early assessment of multiple rootstock/scion combinations to optimize grapevine management and breeding programs for enhanced performance under water-limited conditions. Intrinsic limitations of the measurement system and aspects to be considered to export results from the platform to the vineyard are presented and discussed.

表型分析在生物学和农学研究中至关重要，它能够对生物体的表型特征进行表征。最近的进展促使了创新平台的发展，这些平台提高了表型分析的精度，整合了遗传和生态生理分析，以便在可控条件下全面了解植物生长。这些技术有助于研究植物对环境胁迫（如干旱）的反应，干旱会破坏植物体内的水分平衡。本研究聚焦于嫁接葡萄（葡萄属）对干旱胁迫的适应性，强调砧木对接穗性能的影响。实验在都灵大学DISAFA的前沿表型分析平台“PhenoPlant”上进行。PhenoPlant是一种非侵入性的高通量工具，采用了先进技术，包括用于3D视觉和多光谱成像的PlantEye传感器、通过重量法测量盆栽植物的蒸散量、评估水势以及用于检测叶片与大气间气体交换的红外气体分析。评估了11种接穗/砧木组合的葡萄对干旱胁迫的反应，这些组合包括嫁接到具有不同耐旱性砧木上的内比奥罗和黑皮诺克隆品种。对盆栽移栽三个月后的1年生嫁接植物进行了为期13天的干旱恢复实验，结果显示砧木/接穗组合之间的干旱反应存在显著差异。耐旱砧木（如1103P、110R、140Ru、M2）保持了稳定的光谱指数（如：GLI，绿叶指数），反映了形态生理指标（如：叶表面角度 - SA、气孔导度 - gs、茎水势和蒸散量），与其耐旱性较差的对应砧木（如Kober 5BB、SO4、420A、Gravesac）不同。特别是，在停水10天后，耐旱组合中某些性状的变化减小（SA：39 - 44°；GLI≈0.33 - 0.35；gs：34.5 - 45.4 mmol H₂O·m⁻²·s⁻¹），而敏感组合中的这些性状则显著下降（SA：27 - 35°；GLI：0.28 - 0.32；gs：8.6 - 10.8 mmol H₂O·m⁻²·s⁻¹），这突出了砧木在干旱反应中的关键作用，且与接穗品种无关。这些发现对于快速早期评估多种砧木/接穗组合以优化葡萄栽培管理和育种计划，从而在水分受限条件下提高性能至关重要。文中还介绍并讨论了测量系统的内在局限性以及将平台结果应用于葡萄园时需要考虑的方面。