弥合区域神经血管单元异质性与认知功能之间的关系：综述

Bridging regional neurovascular unit heterogeneity and cognitive function: a review.

作者信息

Tsintzou Amalia, Poirier Roseline, Harati Rania, Kustubayeva Almira, Disdier Clemence, Hamoudi Rifat, Mabondzo Aloïse

机构信息

Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Unité Neurovasculaire & Innovation Thérapeutique (LENIT), Gif-sur- Yvette cedex, 91191, France.

Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI), Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.

出版信息

Fluids Barriers CNS. 2025 Aug 20;22(1):85. doi: 10.1186/s12987-025-00697-y.

DOI:10.1186/s12987-025-00697-y

PMID:40836329

Abstract

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical central nervous system interface that tightly regulates the exchange of substances between the blood circulation and the brain parenchyma. The BBB, glia, mural cells and neurons form the neurovascular unit (NVU), which modulates cerebral homeostasis. Traditionally considered a uniform and selective barrier, emerging research has unveiled significant heterogeneity in BBB properties across various brain structures. This review synthesizes current knowledge of the heterogeneity of the NVU elements of different brain structures. The structural and functional differences of the endothelial cells, glial cells, and neurons of different brain structures are pinpointed. Finally, BBB heterogeneity and its link to cognition in physiology and pathology are discussed. Understanding such relationships could help effectively target and cure neurological diseases.

摘要

血脑屏障（BBB）是一个关键的中枢神经系统界面，它严格调控着血液循环与脑实质之间物质的交换。血脑屏障、神经胶质细胞、壁细胞和神经元构成了神经血管单元（NVU），该单元调节着脑内稳态。传统上认为血脑屏障是一个统一且具有选择性的屏障，但新出现的研究揭示了不同脑结构中血脑屏障特性存在显著的异质性。本综述综合了当前关于不同脑结构神经血管单元成分异质性的知识。明确了不同脑结构中内皮细胞、神经胶质细胞和神经元的结构及功能差异。最后，讨论了血脑屏障的异质性及其在生理和病理状态下与认知的联系。了解这些关系有助于有效靶向治疗和治愈神经系统疾病。