Toxicity and Detoxification Enzyme Inhibition in the Two-Spotted Spider Mite ( Koch) by L. Essential Oil and Its Major Monoterpenoids.

The two-spotted spider mite, , is one of the polyphagous pests of several crops and forestry, resistant to numerous conventional chemicals. Due to the negative side effects of harmful chemical pesticides, such as environmental pollution, and risks to human health, the introduction of effective and low-risk alternatives is essential. The promising pesticidal effects of essential oils (EOs) isolated from have been documented in recent studies. In the present study, the acaricidal effects of an EO, along with its two dominant monoterpenoids, 1,8-cineole and camphor, were investigated against adults of . EO, 1,8-cineole, and camphor, with 24 h-LC values of 0.289, 0.533, and 0.64 µL/L air, respectively, had significant toxicity by fumigation against adults. Along with lethality, EO and monoterpenoids had significant inhibitory effects on the activity of detoxifying enzymes, including α- and β-esterases, glutathione S-transferases, and cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase. According to the findings of the present study, EO and its two dominant monoterpenoids, 1,8-cineole and camphor, with significant toxicity and inhibitory effects on detoxifying enzymes, can be introduced as available, effective, and eco-friendly acaricides in the management of .