: Dual Roles in Biocontrol and Plant Growth Promotion.

The genus plays a pivotal role in sustainable agriculture through its multifaceted contributions to plant health and productivity. This review explores 's biological functions, including its roles as a biocontrol agent, plant growth promoter, and stress resilience enhancer. By producing various enzymes, secondary metabolites, and volatile organic compounds, effectively suppresses plant pathogens, promotes root development, and primes plant immune responses. This review details the evolutionary adaptations of , which has transitioned from saprotrophism to mycoparasitism and established beneficial symbiotic relationships with plants. It also highlights the ecological versatility of in colonizing plant roots and improving soil health, while emphasizing its role in mitigating both biotic and abiotic stressors. With increasing recognition as a biostimulant and biocontrol agent, has become a key player in reducing chemical inputs and advancing eco-friendly farming practices. This review addresses challenges such as strain selection, formulation stability, and regulatory hurdles and concludes by advocating for continued research to optimize 's applications in addressing climate change, enhancing food security, and promoting a sustainable agricultural future.