Utica State Hospital: Psychiatric Reform, Institutionalization, and Patient Justice in 19th Century America and Today.

This paper focuses on the rise and fall of the Utica State Hospital, Utica, New York, once known for its pioneering use of moral treatment, as an example of how psychiatric institutionalization shaped ideas about mental illness, disability, and patient rights in America. Through architecture, patient narratives, and managerial reports, the paper explores how the institute ultimately fell out of use and how institutionalization, even with good intentions, could reinforce exclusion and harm toward the mentally ill and the disabled. The paper further traces the resonance between this legacy and today's psychiatric and disability studies, drawing attention to the recurring societal impulse to define and segregate abnormality.