An encounter with modern medical technology: women's experiences with amniocentesis.

Interviews were conducted with 40 women who had amniocentesis between 1973 and 1977. Data were obtained on demographic variables, sources of information, the role of preparation and counseling, attitudes toward abortion, and feelings about the procedure. A major goal of the research was to explain the variation in women's perceptions of the experience. Positive perceptions were significantly correlated with 1) having received counseling, 2) use of the media as a first source of information (rather than a physician), and 3) religious orientation. Each of these factors is related to the availability and use of information. While most of the women perceived themselves to be adequately prepared, they reported negative feelings ranging from mild anxiety to uncontrollable fear. Sufficient information before the procedure lessened anxiety, but the timing and content of this information affected emotional responses. Women who were counseled immediately preceding their amniocentesis had already developed a high level of anxiety which interfered with the absorption of information. A detailed description of the procedure (in addition to the more abstract risks and benefits) and continuing emotional support lessened anxiety and improved the experience for women having amniocentesis.