Cohen M E
Am J Law Med. 1978 Fall;4(3):319-36.
The birth of the world's first "test-tube baby", a child conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF), raises serious medical, ethical, and legal problems. This Note explores the present controversy over the use of IVF and advocates federal regulation of the technique. Furthermore, this Note argues that, in order to deter unduly hazardous use of IVF and to compensate its victims, an experimenter should be subject to civil liability for either negligent, or willful and nonconsensual, destruction of an IVF conceptus, and held strictly liable when an IVF child is born with severe defects that are attributable to the use of the technique.
世界上首例“试管婴儿”通过体外受精(IVF)孕育诞生,这引发了严重的医学、伦理和法律问题。本评论探讨了当前关于体外受精技术使用的争议,并主张由联邦政府对该技术进行监管。此外,本评论认为,为了遏制对体外受精技术的过度危险使用并对其受害者进行补偿,实验者若因疏忽、故意且未经同意而破坏体外受精胚胎,应承担民事责任;当试管婴儿出生时患有因该技术使用导致的严重缺陷时,实验者应承担严格责任。