Hay M S, Elyaderani M K, Belis J A
South Med J. 1981 Jan;74(1):31-3. doi: 10.1097/00007611-198101000-00013.
The percutaneous approach to the renal pelvis provides access for antegrade urography, percutaneous nephrostomy, or endourologic manipulation. Having performed 31 successful procedures, including the percutaneous placement of double-pigtail ureteral stents for ureterovesical obstruction, we advocate the combined use of ultrasonography and fluoroscopy to achieve optimal results.