cAMP-independent regulation of CFTR by the actin cytoskeleton.

Protein kinase A (PKA)-activation of epithelial Na+ channels requires actin filaments. Mouse mammary adenocarcinoma cells expressing the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) or mock transfectants were used to determine whether CFTR is also modulated by the actin cytoskeleton. The actin filament disrupter cytochalasin D (CD; approximately 5 micrograms/ml) readily activated whole cell currents in CFTR but not in mock-transfected (MOCK) cells. Addition of actin to the cytosolic side of quiescent excised inside-out patches of CFTR but not MOCK cells also activated CFTR. The actin-activated Cl- channels (symmetrical Cl-) had a linear conductance of 9.3 pS and were inhibited by diphenylamine-2-carboxylate and monoclonal antibodies raised against CFTR. Channel activity was also blocked by addition of the actin-binding proteins deoxyribonuclease I and filamin. Incubation of CFTR cells with CD (approximately 15 micrograms/ml) for > 6 h prevented CFTR activation by the addition of either 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate plus forskolin under whole cell conditions or PKA under excised inside-out conditions. However, CFTR activation was restored by subsequent addition of actin. The data indicate that CFTR is regulated by actin filaments whose effect may, in turn, be associated with the PKA-dependent pathway.