[Nosocomial infections. Some aspects].

Nosocomial infection is not a recent problem. However, it presents nowadays as a serious issue, not only due to the associated morbidity and mortality but also due to the economic burden on hospitals. The increased susceptibility of patients and the increased resistance to antibiotics by bacterial agents are important factors in the present situation. Among the different nosocomial pathogens, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile are two of the most distressing for hospitals worldwide. Knowledge of their epidemiology, pathological and clinical particularities and treatment are fundamental in the observation and control of these infections. As a result of my recent experience in two teaching hospitals in the United States of America, I have decided to write the present paper.