Informed consent for blood transfusion: a regional hospital survey.

Ninety-two hospitals in a three-state mid-Atlantic region were surveyed to determine their policy toward obtaining written informed consent for transfusion and to examine the content of written consent documents and the process by which consent is obtained. Of 81 hospitals responding, 50 (62%) required written informed consent. Hospitals with fewer than 200 beds were more likely to require written informed consent. The attending physicians had responsibility for obtaining consent in 28 (57%) of 49 institutions, most often on the day or evening before surgery. Twenty-seven of 48 forms mentioned complications: hepatitis in 80 percent, human immunodeficiency virus infection in 46 percent, nonhemolytic reactions in 32 percent, and hemolysis in 25 percent. Alternatives to allogeneic transfusion were mentioned infrequently; eight hospital forms listed autologous transfusion options and only two mentioned designated donation. The reading level required to comprehend 34 consent forms submitted was grade 14.6, which has been attained by only 23 percent of the adult United States population. Although the majority of respondent institutions require written informed consent, those forms, per se, do not document that the fundamental tenets of informed choice have been applied to the decision to transfuse blood.