Charalambous M, Shelley A J, Herzog M M, Dias A P
Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, London, U.K.
Med Vet Entomol. 1996 Apr;10(2):111-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1996.tb00716.x.
Simulium (Trichodagmia) guianense is an important Amazonian vector of onchocerciasis. Examination of the polytene chromosome banding patterns of larvae from five sites in Brazil revealed the occurrence of four cytotypes, designated A, B, C and D. The chromosomal standard, Simulium guianense A, occurred at two localities in Goias State (on the Rio Tocantins and Rio Mucambão) where it was the only cytotype. The other three sites examined yielded one different cytotype from each: B from Rio Oyapoque in Amapa State, C from Rio Tocantins in Maranhão State, and D from Rio Xingu in Para State. All cytotypes differed by at least two fixed inversions, but a sex determining system was not evident in any cytotype. As the cytotypes have been found allopatrically it is not certain that they represent sibling species; sampling of sympatric populations would resolve this. During certain times of the year, voracious anthropophagy by S.guianense sensu lato occurs at the localities sampled for cytotypes A, C and D (biting data are not available for the cytotype B locality). In some other areas, however, S.guianense s.l. is entirely zoophilic. Further studies are needed, therefore, to elucidate the biting habits, vectorial capacity, geographic distribution and taxonomic status of these four, and perhaps additional, cytotypes comprising the S.guianense complex.
圭亚那蚋（Trichodagmia亚属）是盘尾丝虫病的一种重要的亚马逊病媒。对来自巴西五个地点的幼虫的多线染色体带型进行检查，发现有四种细胞型，分别命名为A、B、C和D。染色体标准型圭亚那蚋A出现在戈亚斯州的两个地方（托坎廷斯河和穆坎博河上），是那里唯一的细胞型。检查的其他三个地点各产生一种不同的细胞型：阿马帕州奥亚波克河的B型、马拉尼昂州托坎廷斯河的C型和帕拉州欣古河的D型。所有细胞型至少有两个固定倒位的差异，但在任何细胞型中都没有明显的性别决定系统。由于这些细胞型是异地发现的，所以不能确定它们是否代表同胞物种；对同域种群进行采样将解决这个问题。在一年中的某些时候，在采集细胞型A、C和D样本的地点，广义的圭亚那蚋会大量叮咬人类（细胞型B所在地点没有叮咬数据）。然而，在其他一些地区，广义的圭亚那蚋完全嗜动物性。因此，需要进一步研究来阐明这四种以及可能更多的构成圭亚那蚋复合体的细胞型的叮咬习性、传播能力、地理分布和分类地位。
