Foulds J, Stapleton J, Swettenham J, Bell N, McSorley K, Russell M A
Health Behaviour Unit, Maudsley Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1996 Sep;127(1):31-8. doi: 10.1007/BF02805972.
In a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study the effects of two doses of subcutaneous nicotine and saline were compared on a range of performance measures in 18 abstaining smokers and 18 never-smokers. Each subject received two injections (40 min apart) of saline, 0.3 mg nicotine, or 0.6 mg nicotine in a balanced order over three sessions. Performance was assessed before and after the injections on nine tests [news recall, Sternberg memory task, finger tapping, logical reasoning, rapid visual information processing (RVIP), long-term word recognition, digit recall, Stroop test, and critical flicker fusion threshold]. In the abstinent smokers, nicotine produced significantly faster correct responses on the logical reasoning test, more target hits, faster reaction times and improved sensitivity on the RVIP task, and more correct responses on word recognition. In never-smokers, nicotine produced faster reaction times on the RVIP and digit-recall tasks, although in the latter case this was at the expense of fewer correct responses. There were no significant differences between the two groups' responses to nicotine but smokers performed worse than never-smokers prior to injections, even controlling for background characteristics. These results are consistent with other recent research suggesting a primary effect of nicotine in enhancing cognitive performance.
在一项双盲、安慰剂对照的交叉研究中，比较了两剂皮下注射尼古丁和生理盐水对18名戒烟者和18名从不吸烟者一系列行为表现指标的影响。每位受试者在三个疗程中按平衡顺序接受两次注射（间隔40分钟），分别为生理盐水、0.3毫克尼古丁或0.6毫克尼古丁。在九项测试（新闻回忆、斯特恩伯格记忆任务、手指敲击、逻辑推理、快速视觉信息处理（RVIP）、长期单词识别、数字回忆、斯特鲁普测试和临界闪烁融合阈值）中，在注射前后对行为表现进行评估。在戒烟者中，尼古丁在逻辑推理测试中产生了明显更快的正确反应，在RVIP任务中有更多的目标命中、更快的反应时间和更高的灵敏度，在单词识别中有更多的正确反应。在从不吸烟者中，尼古丁在RVIP和数字回忆任务中产生了更快的反应时间，尽管在后一种情况下，这是以更少的正确反应为代价的。两组对尼古丁的反应没有显著差异，但即使在控制背景特征的情况下，吸烟者在注射前的表现也比从不吸烟者差。这些结果与最近的其他研究一致，表明尼古丁在提高认知表现方面有主要作用。
