Pressure sores: incidence, risk assessment and prevention.

Pressure sores have a physiological basis which, in common with other disease processes, is influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors unique to the individual. A comprehensive patient assessment will identify factors affecting the individual and consequently direct preventive intervention. The issue of pressure sores should be addressed at a patient, trust or regional level to ensure that preventive strategies/policies cross all healthcare boundaries. Identification of the size of the problem is the starting point upon which a preventive strategy can be built. A comprehensive strategy for pressure sore prevention has existed in the USA since 1992, and its contents demonstrate the multidisciplinary input required to develop and implement the recommendations. Nurses have a key role in the prevention of pressure sores; however, they need educational, managerial and financial support in order to function effectively within this role.