美国的超重与肥胖：1960 - 1994年的患病率及趋势

Overweight and obesity in the United States: prevalence and trends, 1960-1994.

作者信息

Flegal K M, Carroll M D, Kuczmarski R J, Johnson C L

机构信息

National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville MD 20782, USA.

出版信息

Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1998 Jan;22(1):39-47. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0800541.

DOI:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800541

PMID:9481598

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To describe the prevalence of, and trends in, overweight and obesity in the US population using standardized international definitions.

DESIGN

Successive cross-sectional nationally representative surveys, including the National Health Examination Survey (NHES I; 1960-62) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES I: 1971-1974; NHANES II: 1976-1980; NHANES III: 1988-94). Body mass index (BMI:kg/m2) was calculated from measured weight and height. Overweight and obesity were defined as follows: Overweight (BMI > or = 25.0); pre-obese (BMI 25.0-29.9), class I obesity (BMI 30.0-34.9), class II obesity (BMI 35.0-39.9), and class III obesity (BMI > or = 40.0).

RESULTS

For men and women aged 20-74 y, the age-adjusted prevalence of BMI 25.0-29.9 showed little or no increase over time (NHES I: 30.5%, NHANES I: 32.0%, NHANES II: 31.5% and NHANES III: 32.0%) but the prevalence of obesity (BMI > or = 30.0) showed a large increase between NHANES II and NHANES III (NHES I: 12.8%; NHANES I, 14.1%; NHANES II, 14.5% and NHANES III, 22.5%). Trends were generally similar for all age, gender and race-ethnic groups. The crude prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI >> 25.0) for age > or = 20 y was 59.4% for men, 50.7% for women and 54.9% overall. The prevalence of class III obesity (BMI > or = 40.0) exceeded 10% for non-Hispanic black women aged 40-59 y.

CONCLUSIONS

Between 1976-80 and 1988-94, the prevalence of obesity (BMI > or= 30.0) increased markedly in the US. These findings are in agreement with trends seen elsewhere in the world. Use of standardized definitions facilitates international comparisons.

摘要

目的

使用标准化的国际定义描述美国人群中超重和肥胖的患病率及趋势。

设计

连续的全国代表性横断面调查，包括国家健康检查调查（NHES I；1960 - 1962年）以及国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES I：1971 - 1974年；NHANES II：1976 - 1980年；NHANES III：1988 - 1994年）。根据测量的体重和身高计算体重指数（BMI：kg/m²）。超重和肥胖的定义如下：超重（BMI≥25.0）；肥胖前期（BMI 25.0 - 29.9），I类肥胖（BMI 30.0 - 34.9），II类肥胖（BMI 35.0 - 39.9），III类肥胖（BMI≥40.0）。

结果

对于20 - 74岁的男性和女性，年龄调整后的BMI 25.0 - 29.9患病率随时间变化几乎没有增加（NHES I：30.5%，NHANES I：32.0%，NHANES II：31.5%，NHANES III：32.0%），但肥胖（BMI≥30.0）患病率在NHANES II和NHANES III之间大幅上升（NHES I：12.8%；NHANES I，14.1%；NHANES II，14.5%，NHANES III，22.5%）。所有年龄、性别和种族 - 族裔群体的趋势总体相似。年龄≥20岁的男性超重和肥胖（BMI＞25.0）的粗患病率为59.4%，女性为50.7%，总体为54.9%。40 - 59岁的非西班牙裔黑人女性中III类肥胖（BMI≥40.0）的患病率超过10%。