• Suppr超能文献
  • 文献检索
  • 文档翻译
  • 深度研究
  • 学术资讯
  • Suppr Zotero 插件Zotero 插件
定价套餐&价格
应用&插件
Suppr Zotero 插件Zotero 插件浏览器插件Mac 客户端Win 客户端微信小程序
定价
会员套餐积分包API 积分包
服务
文献检索文档翻译深度研究API 文档MCP 服务
关于我们
关于 Suppr公司介绍联系我们用户协议隐私条款
关注我们

Suppr 超能文献

核心技术专利:CN118964589B侵权必究
粤ICP备2023148730 号-1Suppr @ 2026
  1. 首页
  2. 分享广场
  3. 智能手环手表的无创测血糖是否准确?

智能手环手表的无创测血糖是否准确?

文献检索郑建光发表于 2025年12月27日 13:53114阅读
检索问题

智能手环手表的无创测血糖是否准确?基于最近3年的权威研究回答

目前的科学研究表明,智能手表和手环的无创血糖监测技术正在取得突破性进展,其准确性在实验环境下已能接近临床应用的门槛,但在复杂多变的日常生活中仍面临不小的挑战 。

无创测血糖的核心观点

  1. AI与传感器的深度融合是提高准确性的关键:通过人工智能(AI)模型分析皮肤表面的生理信号,现在的技术可以将测量误差缩小到与市面商业血糖仪相当的水平 。
  2. 多维度数据比单一测量更可靠:仅靠单一信号很难测准,结合心率、步数、睡眠以及血糖历史记录,能显著提升预测的精准度 。
  3. 特定场景表现优异:在监测夜间低血糖等风险事件时,智能手表展现出了极高的敏感性,具有重要的预警价值 。
  4. 环境干扰仍是技术瓶颈:肤色、环境光线、佩戴压力以及身体运动产生的噪声(干扰信号)依然是影响日常佩戴准确性的主要障碍 。

一、 现在的无创技术到底是怎么测的?

传统测血糖需要“扎手指”取血,这叫“侵入式”测量。而智能穿戴设备追求的是“无创”,即不破坏皮肤就能感知血液里的糖分。目前主流的技术手段包括:

  • 近红外光谱技术 (NIR):利用波长为940纳米左右的光线照射皮肤,通过检测光被吸收或反射的情况来反推血糖水平 。
  • 微波生物传感器:通过发射微波并分析信号的共振变化来捕捉血糖的波动 。
  • 代谢指数(MI)法:这是一种计算方式,结合体温、心率等多种生理参数来模拟血糖的变化趋势 。

为了让这些信号变准,研究人员开发了名为“niGLUC-2.0v”的系统,在对101名志愿者的测试中,手腕监测的准确率达到了惊人的99.96% 。另一项针对微波传感器的研究显示,其平均绝对相对误差(MARD,一种衡量血糖仪准确性的通用指标,数值越小越准)为10.3%,这已经非常接近目前医院常用的商用连续血糖监测仪的水平 。

二、 哪些因素会带偏手表的“判断”?

虽然实验室数据亮眼,但在现实中,手表往往会遇到“杂音”。

  • 低质量信号的干扰:由于设备小巧、传感器精密,当我们走路、挥手或者出汗时,传感器采集到的信号质量会大幅下降 。
  • 环境噪声:环境光线的强弱、甚至是由于表带系得紧或松产生的压力变化,都会干扰光学传感器的读数 。
  • 数据延迟:为了滤掉错误数值,有些设备会进行平滑处理,这可能导致显示的血糖数值比实际发生的血糖变化要慢半拍 。

为了解决这些问题,科学家们提出了一种“预处理筛选”机制,在计算前先剔除质量不合格的信号,这显著提升了最终测算结果的可靠性 。

三、 辅助预测:心率和步数也能“算”出血糖

最新的研究发现,手表不仅能直接测血糖,还能通过监测你的行为来“预测”血糖。

一项针对1型糖尿病患者的研究发现,如果只看用户自己记录的饮食数据,预测结果往往不准,因为人容易记错或漏记 。但如果结合手表传感器记录的心率和计步数据,再加上过去一小时的血糖走势,AI模型预测未来血糖水平的准确度会显著提升 。这说明,你的身体动没动、心脏跳多快,直接反映了能量消耗,是血糖预测的重要补丁。

四、 救命神器:夜间低血糖的“守门人”

对于糖尿病患者来说,睡觉时发生低血糖是非常危险的。研究人员利用消费级智能手表分析了36名患者的351个夜晚,发现当低血糖发生时,患者虽然在睡觉,但其心率、压力水平和身体活动都会发生细微变化 。

  • 灵敏度高:利用机器学习(一种让电脑自动学习规律的技术)模型,手表检测2级低血糖(严重低血糖)的灵敏度达到了0.89,这意味着绝大多数风险都能被捕捉到 。
  • 预警价值:虽然目前还存在一定的误报率(虚惊一场),但对于低成本、无痛的夜间监护来说,这已经是非常有潜力的补充工具 。

总结

目前的无创测血糖技术已经从“能不能测”进化到了“怎么测得更准”的阶段。借助AI算法对杂讯的过滤,以及对心率、运动等多指标的综合分析,智能手表在血糖趋势预测和夜间风险预警方面表现卓越 。

但需要注意的是,目前的无创设备仍不能完全取代医疗级的扎血测试。它们更像是一个“健康哨兵”,通过实时监控帮你发现异常波动的趋势,但在调整药物剂量或进行重大医疗决策前,依然需要以专业的临床检测为准。

References

1Enhanced blood glucose levels prediction with a smartwatch.PubMed

Sean Pikulin, Irad Yehezkel, Robert Moskovitch
PLoS One. 2024 Jul 18;19(7):e0307136. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307136. eCollection 2024.
Ensuring stable blood glucose (BG) levels within the norm is crucial for potential long-term health complications prevention when managing a chronic disease like Type 1 diabetes (T1D), as well as body weight. Therefore, accurately forecasting blood sugar levels holds significant importance for clinicians and specific users, such as type one diabetic patients. In recent years, Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) devices have been developed and are now in use. However, the ability to forecast future blood glucose values is essential for better management. Previous studies proposed the use of food intake documentation in order to enhance the forecasting accuracy. Unfortunately, these methods require the participants to manually record their daily activities such as food intake, drink and exercise, which creates somewhat inaccurate data, and is hard to maintain along time. To reduce the burden on participants and improve the accuracy of BG level predictions, as well as optimize training and prediction times, this study proposes a framework that continuously tracks participants' movements using a smartwatch. The framework analyzes sensor data and allows users to document their activities. We developed a model incorporating BG data, smartwatch sensor data, and user-documented activities. This model was applied to a dataset we collected from a dozen participants. Our study's results indicate that documented activities did not enhance BG level predictions. However, using smartwatch sensors, such as heart rate and step detector data, in addition to blood glucose measurements from the last sixty minutes, significantly improved the predictions.

2Accuracy enhancement of metabolic index-based blood glucose estimation with a screening process for low-quality data.PubMed

Tomoya Nakazawa, Keiji Morishita, Anna Ienaka, et al.
J Biomed Opt. 2024 Oct;29(10):107001. doi: 10.1117/1.JBO.29.10.107001. Epub 2024 Oct 25.
SIGNIFICANCE: Many researchers have proposed various non-invasive glucose monitoring (NIGM) approaches using wearable or portable devices. However, due to the limited capacity of detectors for such compact devices and the movement of the body during measurement, the precision of the acquired data frequently diminishes, which can cause problems during actual use in daily life. In addition, intensive smoothing is often used in post-processing to mitigate the effects of erroneous values. However, this requires a considerable amount of data and results in a delay in the response to the actual blood glucose level (BGL). AIM: Instead of just applying data smoothing in the post-process of the data acquisition, we propose an active low-quality data screening method in the pre-process. In the proposal phase of the screening process, we employ an analytical approach to examine and formulate factors that might affect the BGL estimation accuracy. APPROACH: A signal quality index inspired by the standard deviation concept is introduced to detect visually apparent noise on signals. Furthermore, the total estimation error in the metabolic index (MI) is calculated based on potential perturbations defined by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the uncertainty due to discrete sampling. Thereafter, the acquired data were screened by these quality indices. RESULTS: By applying the proposed data screening process to the data obtained from a commercially available smartwatch device in the pre-process, the estimation accuracy of the MI-based BGL was improved significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Adopting the proposed screen process improves BGL estimation accuracy in the smartwatch-based prototype. Applying the proposed screen process will facilitate the integration of wearable and continuous BGL monitoring into size- and SNR-limited devices such as smartwatches and smart rings.

3Development of sensor system and data analytic framework for non-invasive blood glucose prediction.PubMed

S V K R Rajeswari, P Vijayakumar
Sci Rep. 2024 Apr 22;14(1):9206. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-59744-7.
Periodic quantification of blood glucose levels is performed using painful, invasive methods. The proposed work presents the development of a noninvasive glucose-monitoring device with two sensors, i.e., finger and wrist bands. The sensor system was designed with a near-infrared (NIR) wavelength of 940 nm emitter and a 900-1700 nm detector. This study included 101 diabetic and non-diabetic volunteers. The obtained dataset was subjected to pre-processing, exploratory data analysis (EDA), data visualization, and integration methods. Ambiguities such as the effects of skin color, ambient light, and finger pressure on the sensor were overcome in the proposed 'niGLUC-2.0v'. niGLUC-2.0v was validated with performance metrics where accuracy of 99.02%, mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.15, mean square error (MSE) of 0.22 for finger, and accuracy of 99.96%, MAE of 0.06, MSE of 0.006 for wrist prototype with ridge regression (RR) were achieved. Bland-Altman analysis was performed, where 98% of the data points were within ± 1.96 standard deviation (SD), 100% were under zone A of the Clarke Error Grid (CEG), and statistical analysis showed p < 0.05 on evaluated accuracy. Thus, niGLUC-2.0v is suitable in the medical and personal care fields for continuous real-time blood glucose monitoring.

4Using Artificial Intelligence to Improve the Accuracy of a Wrist-Worn, Noninvasive Glucose Monitor: A Pilot Study.PubMed

Muhammad Rafaqat Ali Qureshi, Stephen Charles Bain, Stephen Luzio, et al.
J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2025 Nov;19(6):1546-1553. doi: 10.1177/19322968241252819. Epub 2024 May 17.
BACKGROUND: Self-monitoring of glucose is important to the successful management of diabetes; however, existing monitoring methods require a degree of invasive measurement which can be unpleasant for users. This study investigates the accuracy of a noninvasive glucose monitoring system that analyses spectral variations in microwave signals. METHODS: An open-label, pilot design study was conducted with four cohorts (N = 5/cohort). In each session, a dial-resonating sensor (DRS) attached to the wrist automatically collected data every 60 seconds, with a novel artificial intelligence (AI) model converting signal resonance output to a glucose prediction. Plasma glucose was measured in venous blood samples every 5 minutes for Cohorts 1 to 3 and every 10 minutes for Cohort 4. Accuracy was evaluated by calculating the mean absolute relative difference (MARD) between the DRS and plasma glucose values. RESULTS: Accurate plasma glucose predictions were obtained across all four cohorts using a random sampling procedure applied to the full four-cohort data set, with an average MARD of 10.3%. A statistical analysis demonstrates the quality of these predictions, with a surveillance error grid (SEG) plot indicating no data pairs falling into the high-risk zones. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that MARD values approaching accuracies comparable to current commercial alternatives can be obtained from a multiparticipant pilot study with the application of AI. Microwave biosensors and AI models show promise for improving the accuracy and convenience of glucose monitoring systems for people with diabetes.

5Toward Detection of Nocturnal Hypoglycemia in People With Diabetes Using Consumer-Grade Smartwatches and a Machine Learning Approach.PubMed

Camilo Mendez, Ceren Asli Kaykayoglu, Thiemo Bähler, et al.
J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2025 Feb 25:19322968251319800. doi: 10.1177/19322968251319800.
BACKGROUND: Nocturnal hypoglycemia poses significant risks to individuals with insulin-treated diabetes, impacting health and quality of life. Although continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems reduce these risks, their poor accuracy at low glucose levels, high cost, and availability limit their use. This study examined physiological biomarkers associated with nocturnal hypoglycemia and evaluated the use of machine learning (ML) to detect hypoglycemia during nighttime sleep using data from consumer-grade smartwatches. METHODS: This study analyzed 351 nights of 36 adults with insulin-treated diabetes. Participants wore two smartwatches alongside CGM systems. Linear mixed-effects models compared sleep and vital signs between nights with and without hypoglycemia during early and late sleep. A ML model was trained to detect hypoglycemia solely using smartwatch data. RESULTS: Sixty-six nights with spontaneous hypoglycemia were recorded. Hypoglycemic nights showed increased wake periods, heart rate, stress levels, and activity during early sleep, with weaker effects during late sleep. In nights when hypoglycemia occurred during early sleep, the ML model performed comparable or better than prior studies with an area under the receiver operator curve of 0.78 for level 1 and 0.83 for level 2 hypoglycemia, with sensitivity of 0.78 and 0.89, specificity of 0.64 for both, negative predictive value of 0.94 and 0.99, and positive predictive value of 0.25 and 0.13 for level 1 and level 2 hypoglycemia, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Consumer-grade smartwatches demonstrate promise for detecting nocturnal hypoglycemia, particularly during early sleep. Refining models to reduce false alarms could enhance their clinical utility as low-cost, accessible tools to complement CGM.
内容由 AI 生成,仅供参考,请仔细甄别