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  5. 重金属与过敏性鼻炎：2020-2026年流行病学证据与关联分析

重金属与过敏性鼻炎：2020-2026年流行病学证据与关联分析

文献检索匿名用户发表于 2026年08月11日 21:537阅读
检索问题

我要找重金属和过敏性鼻炎有没有相关文献,2020到2026,做traec分析用,检索 PubMed、Web of Science、Embase及Scopus数据库 你给我检索完,把文献链接给我按照PubMed/WOS/Embase/Scopus四库实际检索结果整理成Excel（作者、年份、国家、样本量、金属、效应量、DOI）分为三类,体内外和流行病

您好！

根据您的要求，我已为您检索并整理了关于重金属暴露与过敏性鼻炎（Allergic Rhinitis, AR）之间关系的文献，重点关注2020年至2026年发表的研究，并分类为体内研究、体外研究和流行病学研究。由于我无法直接执行实时数据库检索或生成Excel文件，我将根据您提供的现有证据，为您提炼并整理信息，并提供DOI，以便您进一步查找和下载文献。

请注意，您提供的证据中并未明确区分体内、体外实验。我将根据研究类型和方法将其归类为以下三类：

  1. 体内研究 (In vivo studies): 指在完整生物体（如动物模型）内进行的实验。您提供的证据中没有明确的动物实验，但胎儿或儿童期的人体暴露研究可以部分视为“体内”效应的观察。
  2. 体外研究 (In vitro studies): 指在实验室环境（如细胞培养）中进行的实验。您提供的证据中没有明确的体外实验。
  3. 流行病学研究 (Epidemiological studies): 指在人类群体中进行的观察性研究，旨在探索暴露与疾病之间的关联。您提供的大多数证据都属于此类。

重金属与过敏性鼻炎相关文献整理 (2020-2026)

一、 流行病学研究

作者年份国家/地区样本量金属效应量 (Effect Size)DOI
Zhi-Fei Zhang, Wei-Bin Wang2024美国2876 (成年人)铅 (Pb)Q4 vs Q1: aOR = 0.467 (95% CI: 0.269 to 0.811, P for trend = .014)10.1097/MD.0000000000050061
Abhishek Pandey, Shachi Mistry, Cecilia Alcala, et al.2025墨西哥542 (母子对)锰 (Mn), 铜 (Cu), 铅 (Pb), 砷 (As), 镉 (Cd), 钴 (Co), 镍 (Ni) (混合暴露)2nd trimester mixture & ever AR at 6-8 yrs: OR = 1.16 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.28)； 2nd trimester mixture & current AR at 6-8 yrs: OR = 1.13 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.26)； 3rd trimester mixture & current AR at 6-8 yrs: OR = 1.17 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.32)10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180896
Xi Chen, Shipeng Zhang, Dongxi Jiang, et al.2024中国 (纳入研究范围广泛)120,065 (母子对，来自16项研究)铅 (Pb)增加婴儿喘息和湿疹发生率 (未给出具体AR效应量，但系统综述纳入了AR研究)10.1080/1744666X.2024.2390024
Teresa To, Emilie Terebessy, Jingqin Zhu, et al.2022加拿大1284 (儿童)铁 (Fe), 铜 (Cu) (ROS形式)ROS与过敏性鼻炎无显著关联 (HR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.88-1.04, p = 0.35)10.1186/s12940-022-00902-7
Weiwei Wang, Xueting Wang, Jiao Xia, et al.2023中国64 (儿童)23种金属 (血清)多种疾病相关菌群与血清金属浓度密切相关 (探索性研究，未给出具体AR效应量)10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115343
Giancarlo Pesce, Lucile Sesé, Lucia Calciano, et al.2020法国651 (母子对)铅 (Pb), 镉 (Cd), 锰 (Mn)镉 (Cd) 和锰 (Mn) 与哮喘、湿疹、食物过敏风险增加相关，但未提及与过敏性鼻炎的直接关联10.1111/pai.13397
Yunseo Heo, Seungho Lee, Ok-Jin Kim, et al.2026韩国648 (学龄前儿童)镍 (Ni), 钼 (Mo), 镉 (Cd), 锑 (Sb), 铅 (Pb), 铬 (Cr), 汞 (Hg), 钒 (V)尿镍每增加1个单位 (log转换) 与过敏性鼻炎风险增加37%相关 (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.09-1.73)； 多变量模型中镍、镉、钼的混合暴露使风险增加34% (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.02-1.76)10.1016/j.ijheh.2026.114882
Ji-Youn Lee, Yun-Hee Choi, Hyeon-Il Choi, Kyong Whan Moon2024韩国853 (2015-2017), 710 (2018-2020) (儿童 6-11岁)汞 (Hg)2018-2020研究中，尿汞水平与AR呈正相关 (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.01, 2.10)； 汇总效应显示与过敏性多发病呈正相关 (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.01, 2.12)10.1038/s41598-024-51811-3
Junji Miyazaki, Satoyo Ikehara, Kanami Tanigawa, et al.2023日本94,794 (母婴对)汞 (Hg), 硒 (Se), 锰 (Mn)产前汞或锰暴露与过敏性疾病无关联； 产前硒暴露与过敏性鼻炎呈负相关 (尤其在低汞暴露下)10.1016/j.envint.2023.108123

二、 体内研究

您提供的证据中没有明确提及使用动物模型进行重金属与过敏性鼻炎相关的体内研究。然而，以下流行病学研究通过测量人体内的重金属水平，观察其对生理（如IgE水平）和疾病（AR风险）的影响，可以在一定程度上反映体内机制：

  • Zhi-Fei Zhang, Wei-Bin Wang (2024): 该研究发现血清铅水平与血清总IgE水平呈正相关 (β = 1.179, 95% CI: 1.005 to 1.383, P = .045)，表明铅暴露可能促进Th2型免疫反应，这是一种体内免疫调节效应 。

三、 体外研究

您提供的证据中没有明确提及重金属与过敏性鼻炎相关的体外实验（如细胞培养实验）。

文献详细分析与讨论

本检索主要关注2020年至2026年期间发表的重金属与过敏性鼻炎相关的文献，特别强调了流行病学证据。

1. 铅 (Pb) 的关联

关于铅与过敏性鼻炎的关联，现有证据显示出复杂的甚至矛盾的结果：

  • 成人过敏性鼻炎的负相关: 一项基于2005-2006年美国NHANES数据的研究（Zhi-Fei Zhang, Wei-Bin Wang, 2024）发现，在普通成人人群中，血铅水平与过敏性鼻炎的风险呈显著负相关 。具体而言，血铅水平最高的四分位数组（Q4）与最低组（Q1）相比，过敏性鼻炎风险降低了53% (调整后的OR = 0.467) 。这种负相关在大多数人群中具有一致性，在不饮酒者中最为显著，并且与吸烟状况存在边缘交互作用 。
  • Th2免疫反应的促进作用: 尽管铅暴露与成人AR风险呈负相关，但同一研究发现血清铅水平与血清总IgE水平呈正相关 (β = 1.179)，这表明铅暴露可能促进Th2型免疫反应 。Th2型免疫反应通常与过敏性疾病的发生发展有关，这种风险降低与IgE升高之间的“脱节”提示了铅在免疫调节中的复杂性 。
  • 产前暴露的贡献: 另一项针对墨西哥城儿童的出生队列研究（Abhishek Pandey et al., 2025）发现，在由锰、铜和铅等组成的孕中期金属混合物暴露与儿童6-8岁时过敏性鼻炎症状的风险增加相关 (OR = 1.16)，其中铅是主要的贡献者之一 。这表明产前铅暴露可能对儿童期的过敏性疾病产生不利影响。
  • 系统综述的发现: 一项系统综述和荟萃分析（Xi Chen et al., 2024）虽然主要关注哮喘、湿疹和特应性皮炎，但也指出产前铅暴露会增加婴儿喘息和湿疹的发生率 。虽然未直接给出AR的效应量，但这项综述的范围涵盖了儿童过敏性疾病，提示了产前铅暴露对儿童免疫健康可能产生广泛的影响。

这种成人与儿童研究结果的差异可能反映了铅暴露时间（产前、儿童期、成人期）和暴露水平在不同发育阶段对免疫系统影响的复杂性。成人体内较高的铅水平可能是长期暴露累积的结果，其对免疫系统的影响机制可能与早期发育阶段的暴露不同。

2. 镍 (Ni) 的关联

  • 儿童过敏性鼻炎的风险增加: 韩国的一项全国环境健康调查研究（Yunseo Heo et al., 2026）发现，在学龄前儿童中，尿镍浓度与过敏性鼻炎风险显著正相关 。尿镍浓度每增加1个单位（log转换），过敏性鼻炎的患病几率增加37% (OR = 1.37) 。即使在调整了其他因素后，这种关联仍然显著。在包含镍、镉和钼的多变量模型中，过敏性鼻炎的几率也增加了34% 。这提供了强有力的证据，表明镍暴露可能是韩国儿童过敏性鼻炎的风险因素。

3. 汞 (Hg) 的关联

  • 儿童过敏性鼻炎和多发过敏的风险增加: 韩国的另一项全国环境健康调查研究（Ji-Youn Lee et al., 2024）在2018-2020年的数据中发现，儿童尿汞水平与过敏性鼻炎呈正相关 (OR = 1.46) 。汇总效应还显示汞暴露与过敏性多发病（allergic multimorbidity）呈正相关 (OR = 1.47)，且这种关联在男孩中更为显著 。这提示环境汞暴露可能加重儿童特应性皮炎和过敏性多发病的症状。
  • 产前暴露的无关联: 然而，一项在日本进行的大规模出生队列研究（Junji Miyazaki et al., 2023）发现，产前汞暴露与早期儿童期的特应性皮炎、食物过敏、哮喘和过敏性鼻炎的风险均无关联 。这种矛盾的结果可能与不同研究中的汞暴露水平、人群特征、地理环境以及研究方法（如衡量暴露的时间点和方式）有关。

4. 锰 (Mn) 的关联

  • 产前混合暴露的贡献: 墨西哥城的出生队列研究（Abhishek Pandey et al., 2025）指出，孕中期和孕晚期的金属混合物暴露（主要贡献者包括锰、铜和铅或砷、镍）与儿童6-8岁时过敏性鼻炎症状的风险增加相关 。这表明锰在混合暴露中可能扮演重要角色。
  • 产前暴露的无关联: 与此相对，日本的大规模出生队列研究（Junji Miyazaki et al., 2023）未发现产前锰暴露与早期儿童期过敏性疾病（包括过敏性鼻炎）的风险有关联 。
  • 与湿疹的关联: 2020年的一项法国队列研究（Giancarlo Pesce et al.）发现，母体血清中的锰水平与湿疹风险相关，但未提及与过敏性鼻炎的关联 。

5. 铜 (Cu) 和铁 (Fe) 的关联

  • 产前混合暴露的贡献: 墨西哥城的出生队列研究（Abhishek Pandey et al., 2025）发现铜是孕中期和孕晚期金属混合物暴露与儿童过敏性鼻炎症状风险增加的主要贡献者之一 。
  • ROS形式的无关联: 然而，一项加拿大纵向队列研究（Teresa To et al., 2022）评估了出生时反应性氧物种（ROS）暴露（其中包含铁和铜的综合影响）与儿童呼吸道和过敏性疾病风险的关系，结果显示ROS与过敏性鼻炎无统计学显著关联 。这可能表明，虽然单独的铜可能在混合暴露中发挥作用，但以ROS形式衡量的早期暴露，其对AR风险的影响不显著。

6. 镉 (Cd) 的关联

  • 儿童混合暴露的贡献: 韩国的学龄前儿童研究（Yunseo Heo et al., 2026）中，在多变量模型中，镍、镉和钼的混合暴露与过敏性鼻炎的几率增加相关 。
  • 与哮喘、湿疹、食物过敏的关联: 2020年的一项法国队列研究（Giancarlo Pesce et al.）发现，脐带血中的镉水平与哮喘、湿疹和食物过敏的风险增加相关，但未提及与过敏性鼻炎的直接关联 。
  • 系统综述的发现: 系统综述（Xi Chen et al., 2024）指出镍和镉暴露会增加婴儿特应性皮炎的发生率 。

7. 硒 (Se) 的关联

  • 产前暴露的保护作用: 日本的大规模出生队列研究（Junji Miyazaki et al., 2023）是唯一一项评估硒的研究，发现产前硒暴露与早期儿童期的特应性皮炎、食物过敏、过敏性鼻炎以及任何过敏性疾病的风险呈负相关 。这种保护作用在较低的汞暴露水平下更为显著 。这表明硒可能对儿童过敏性疾病具有有益作用，尤其是在重金属暴露背景下。

8. 其他金属 (Mo, Sb, Cr, V, As, Co) 的关联

  • 韩国学龄前儿童研究（Yunseo Heo et al., 2026）发现钼与过敏性鼻炎存在边缘显著关联 。锑、铬、钒虽然被测量，但未报告与AR的显著关联 。
  • 墨西哥城研究（Abhishek Pandey et al., 2025）在金属混合物中测量了砷和钴，并发现砷是孕晚期金属混合物与儿童过敏性鼻炎症状风险增加的顶端贡献者之一，而钴的贡献未被特别突出 。

9. 作用机制的探索

  • Th2型免疫反应: 血清铅水平与血清总IgE水平呈正相关，表明铅暴露可能促进Th2型免疫反应，尽管其与成人AR风险呈负相关，暗示了复杂的免疫调节作用 。
  • 鼻腔黏膜菌群: 一项中国研究（Weiwei Wang et al., 2023）探索了儿童鼻腔疾病（包括过敏性鼻炎）中鼻腔黏膜细菌与血清金属的关系，发现多种疾病相关菌群与血清金属浓度密切相关，提示金属暴露可能通过影响鼻腔细菌多样性和组成，从而影响儿童鼻腔健康 。

总结与未来研究方向

  • 重金属与过敏性鼻炎的关联复杂且因金属种类、暴露时间、人群特征而异。 产前或儿童期重金属（如铅、镍、汞、锰、铜在混合暴露中）暴露可能增加儿童过敏性鼻炎的风险，而成人血铅水平可能与AR风险呈负相关，但同时伴随IgE水平升高，提示复杂的免疫调节效应。硒可能具有保护作用。
  • 混合暴露效应值得关注。 许多研究都开始关注多种金属的混合暴露效应，这更符合现实世界的暴露情况，并可能揭示单个金属研究中难以发现的相互作用。
  • 作用机制需深入研究。 重金属如何影响免疫系统、调节炎症通路、改变微生物菌群等具体机制仍需通过体内外实验进一步阐明。
  • 暴露时间窗口是关键。 产前和早期儿童期的暴露似乎对过敏性疾病的发展具有重要影响，这提示了早期干预的重要性。
  • 研究结果的异质性。 不同研究之间结果的矛盾可能源于人群、地理位置、暴露水平、测量方法和统计模型的差异，需要更多的标准化研究和荟萃分析来解决这些不一致性。

希望这份详细的检索和分析对您的研究有所帮助！

References

1Study on the correlation between serum lead levels and allergic rhinitis in adults and IgE levels.PubMed

Zhi-Fei Zhang, Wei-Bin Wang
While lead exposure is hypothesized to promote Th2-type allergic responses, large-scale epidemiological data on its link to adult allergic rhinitis (AR) are scarce. This study aimed to explore the association between serum lead levels and AR risk and immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in the general adult population of the United States. Using data from the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional study included 2876 participants aged ≥ 20 years, 682 AR patients and 2194 controls. AR was defined as having a positive serum-specific IgE (≥0.35 kU/L) and reporting pollen-related or non-cold-related nasal symptoms in the past 12 months. Serum lead levels was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the natural logarithm of serum lead levels (Ln Pb) was adopted. Multivariable logistic regression, linear regression, and Cox regression models were employed to assess the associations after stepwise adjustment for demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and laboratory indicators, along with subgroup analyses and restricted cubic spline (RCS) tests for dose-response relationships. Blood lead levels were significantly negatively associated with the risk of AR. Quartile analysis indicated that the highest exposure group (Q4) had a 53% lower risk of AR compared to the lowest group (Q1) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.467, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.269 to 0.811, P for trend = .014). RCS analysis suggested a linear trend in this association (P-non-linear = .954). Additionally, Ln Pb was positively associated with serum total IgE levels (β = 1.179, 95% CI: 1.005 to 1.383, P = .045), indicating that lead exposure may promote Th2-type immune responses. Higher blood lead levels were also significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 2.535, 95% CI: 1.509 to 4.261, P < .001). Subgroup analyses showed that the negative association between lead and AR was consistent across most populations, but was most pronounced in nondrinkers (HR = 0.53, P = .003), with borderline interaction effects related to smoking status (P for interaction = 0.039). The dissociation between reduced AR risk and elevated IgE levels suggests a complex immunomodulatory effect of lead. Furthermore, lead exposure was confirmed as a significant risk factor for all-cause mortality, underscoring its broader systemic toxicity.

2Associations between prenatal metal mixtures and allergic symptoms in childhood.PubMed

Abhishek Pandey, Shachi Mistry, Cecilia Alcala, et al.
Previous work has linked exposure to individual metals in pregnancy to allergic outcomes postnatally but few studies have examined metals exposure as a mixture. Analysis included 542 mother-child dyads enrolled in the Programming Research in Obesity, Growth, Environment and Social Stressors (PROGRESS) birth cohort in Mexico City. Levels of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) were analyzed in blood collected during the 2 and 3 trimesters. Atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis symptoms were assessed via questionnaire at 4-6 years and 6-8 years of age. Mixture associations were modeled using repeated holdout WQS regression with adjustment for relevant covariates. We found evidence of a 2 trimester metal mixture association with an increased risk of ever allergic rhinitis symptoms at 6-8 years (OR = 1.16, 95 % CI: 1.05, 1.28). Mn contributed the most to the mixture effect, followed by Cu, and Pb. We also found evidence of a 2 trimester metal mixture association with an increased risk of current allergic rhinitis symptoms at 6-8 years (OR = 1.13 95 % CI: 1.02, 1.26) in which Mn, Cu and Pb were again the main contributors. Lastly, we saw evidence of a 3 trimester metal mixture association with an increased risk of current allergic rhinitis symptoms at 6-8 years (OR = 1.17 95 % CI: 1.03, 1.32). As and Mn were the top contributors to the mixture association followed by Cu and Ni. Our results suggest that prenatal exposure to metals is related to childhood allergic symptoms.

3Prenatal heavy metal exposure and pediatric asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PubMed

Xi Chen, Shipeng Zhang, Dongxi Jiang, et al.
OBJECTIVE: We review the prevalence of allergic diseases in children across prenatal exposures to heavy metals. METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis is registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42023478471). A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, Medline and Cochrane library was conducted from the database inception until 31 October 2023. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of included studies. We used a random-effects model to summarize the effects from the studies. RESULTS: A total of 16 studies were included, 120,065 mother-child pairs enrolled. The NOS scores indicated that the quality of the literature included in the study was of a high standard. CONCLUSION: The final results indicate that prenatal exposure to Pb increased the incidence of wheeze and Eczema in infants, and exposure to Ni and CD increased the incidence of AD in infants.

4Does early life exposure to exogenous sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase the risk of respiratory and allergic diseases in children? A longitudinal cohort study.PubMed

Teresa To, Emilie Terebessy, Jingqin Zhu, et al.
BACKGROUND: Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause oxidative stress damaging cells and tissues, leading to adverse health effects in the respiratory tract. Yet, few human epidemiological studies have quantified the adverse effect of early life exposure to ROS on child health. Thus, this study aimed to examine the association of levels of ROS exposure at birth and the subsequent risk of developing common respiratory and allergic diseases in children. METHODS: 1,284 Toronto Child Health Evaluation Questionnaire (T-CHEQ) participants were followed from birth (born between 1996 and 2000) until outcome, March 31, 2016 or loss-to-follow-up. Using ROS data from air monitoring campaigns and land use data in Toronto, ROS concentrations generated in the human respiratory tract in response to inhaled pollutants were estimated using a kinetic multi-layer model. These ROS values were assigned to participants' postal codes at birth. Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusted for confounders, were then used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) per unit increase in interquartile range (IQR). RESULTS: After adjusting for confounders, iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) were not significantly associated with the risk of asthma, allergic rhinitis, nor eczema. However, ROS, a measure of the combined impacts of Fe and Cu in PM, was associated with an increased risk of asthma (HR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02-1.21, p < 0.02) per IQR. There were no statistically significant associations of ROS with allergic rhinitis (HR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.88-1.04, p = 0.35) and eczema (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.98-1.09, p = 0.24). CONCLUSION: These findings showed that ROS exposure in early life significantly increased the childhood risk of asthma, but not allergic rhinitis and eczema.

5The association between nasal mucosa bacteria and serum metals in children with nasal diseases.PubMed

Weiwei Wang, Xueting Wang, Jiao Xia, et al.
Allergic rhinitis (AR) and adenoid hypertrophy (AH) are common nasal diseases in children. Studies have shown that heavy metals are environmental risk factors for nasal diseases, and the pathogenic mechanisms may be related to dysregulation of nasal mucosal microbiota. However, it is unclear how heavy metal exposure relates to the nasal mucosal microbiota in nasal diseases. Therefore, we explored serum metal exposure levels and nasal mucosal microbiota composition in children with different nasal disease, and further studied the potential correlation between metal exposure and disease-related taxa. There were 64 children recruited for this study. The 23 metals concentrations in serum were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and nasal mucosal bacteria was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Nasal diseases (AR and AH) in children were associated with alterations in the abundance and diversity of the nasal mucosal microbiota. The nasal microbiota of children with AR showed lower diversity, while the microbiota of children with AH showed higher diversity. Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size showed 108 differentially abundant taxa between AR and control groups, 35 differentially abundant taxa among large adenoid, moderate adenoid and small adenoid groups. The serum zinc concentration was negatively correlated with Pielou's eveness index and Simpson's Index in children classified by adenoid size. The spearman correlation analysis showed that multiple disease-related taxa were closely associated with metal concentrations in serum. Our findings may support a link between metal exposure and the diversity and composition of nasal bacteria in children with nasal disease, which present new evidence for the effects of metals on children health.

6Common Hematologic, Nutritional, Asthma/Allergic Conditions and Lead Screening/Management.PubMed

Brittany DiVito, Rachel Talavlikar, Sarah Seifu
This article describes hematologic, nutritional, allergic/asthmatic conditions, lead screening, and management of these among immigrants and refugees. Some of these conditions present more frequently or differently in the newcomer population. Early identification and treatment are key to improving health outcomes. Screening and treatment suggested in this article are based on current guidelines and are intended for primary care providers who are caring for refugee and immigrant patients, especially within a medical home. Special considerations include level of education, instruction, demonstration, and cultural humility.

7Foetal exposure to heavy metals and risk of atopic diseases in early childhood.PubMed

Giancarlo Pesce, Lucile Sesé, Lucia Calciano, et al.
BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence suggests that in utero exposures can influence the development of the immune system and thus contribute to disease development. Studies investigating the association between prenatal exposures to heavy metals and atopic diseases, however, are scarce. METHODS: Children from the EDEN birth cohort were prospectively followed up using parental questionnaires with validated questions on asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema, and food allergy symptoms. The questionnaires were administered every 4 months during the children's first year, and then every year until the age of 5, with a final survey at the age of 8. Serum concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and manganese (Mn) were assessed in maternal blood samples collected during mid-pregnancy and in cord blood of 651 mother-children pairs. Hazard ratios (HR) for the incidence of each atopic disease in relation to the exposure to metals were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: Levels of Cd in cord blood were associated with greater risk of asthma (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] for upper vs lower quartile: 1.81 [1.00-3.29]), eczema (1.60 [1.09-2.35]), and food allergy (3.17 [1.36-7.38]), while Mn levels in maternal serum were associated with eczema (1.55 [1.05-2.28]). These associations were similar in males and females and were confirmed using log concentrations of metals as exposures. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the hypothesis that fetal exposure to heavy metals may affect the development of asthma, eczema, and food allergy in childhood and suggest that timing of exposure in utero may have a role in these associations.

8Urinary metal concentrations in Korean preschool children: Elevated levels and associations with allergic rhinitis in the 5th Korean National Environmental Health Survey.PubMed

Yunseo Heo, Seungho Lee, Ok-Jin Kim, et al.
Heavy metals can adversely affect neurodevelopment, immune function, and overall health during early childhood. However, few studies have evaluated heavy metal exposure in children. Therefore, we assessed urinary metal concentrations in Korean children and their association with allergic rhinitis. The study included 648 preschool children aged 3-5 years who participated in the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS, 2021-2023) Cycle 5. Urinary Hg was measured using a mercury analyzer, whereas V, Mn, Ni, Mo, Cd, Sb, Pb, and Cr were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The geometric mean concentrations of Ni (3.33 μg/L), Mo (113 μg/L), and Sb (0.088 μg/L) were more than 1.5-fold higher than those reported in international biomonitoring surveys. Ni was positively correlated with Mo (r = 0.531) and Cd (r = 0.573). Urinary Ni concentrations differed significantly based on allergic rhinitis status (p = 0.006), whereas Mo showed a marginally significant association(p = 0.054). Logistic regression analysis showed that a 1-unit increase in log-transformed urinary Ni concentration was associated with a 37% increase in the odds of allergic rhinitis (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.09-1.73). In the multivariable model including Ni, Cd, and Mo, the odds of allergic rhinitis increased by 34% (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.02-1.76). After adjusting for sex, age, and ponderal index, the association remained statistically significant, with 35% increased odds ratio (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.02-1.77). The association between urinary Ni concentration and allergic rhinitis was consistent across models. These findings support continued monitoring of heavy metal exposure and associated health effects in Korean children.

9Association between environmental mercury exposure and allergic disorders in Korean children: Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) cycles 3-4 (2015-2020).PubMed

Ji-Youn Lee, Yun-Hee Choi, Hyeon-Il Choi, et al.
Although previous studies have suggested potential adverse effects of mercury on a child's immune system, the associations have been inconsistent. We aimed to determine the association between urinary mercury levels and allergic diseases in Korean children with high mercury exposure. Data from 853 and 710 children aged 6-11 years in the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) cycle 3 (2015-2017) and cycle 4 (2018-2020) were analyzed. We examined the association between mercury exposure and the prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), and allergic multimorbidity. After adjusting for all covariates, the urinary mercury level was positively associated with AD in the 2015-2017 study (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.79) and AR in 2018-2020 study (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.01, 2.10). Pooled effects showed OR of 1.34 (95% CI = 1.01, 1.79) for AD and 1.47 (95% CI = 1.01, 2.12) for allergic multimorbidity. The association with allergic multimorbidity was greater in boys (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.01, 3.49) than in girls (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.73, 2.14). These results suggest that environmental mercury exposure may exacerbate symptoms of atopic dermatitis and allergic multimorbidity in children.

10Prenatal exposure to selenium, mercury, and manganese during pregnancy and allergic diseases in early childhood: The Japan Environment and Children's study.PubMed

Junji Miyazaki, Satoyo Ikehara, Kanami Tanigawa, et al.
BACKGROUND: Prenatal exposure to metallic elements may adversely affect early childhood health. However, more evidence is needed as population-based cohort studies are currently limited. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine the associations between prenatal metallic (mercury, selenium, and manganese) exposure and the risk of allergic diseases in early childhood until three years of age. METHODS: The data from 94,794 mother-infant pairs, who participated in the Japan Environment and Children's study, were used in this study. Prenatal metallic element exposure was measured in maternal blood collected during mid-pregnancy. The incidence of atopic dermatitis, food allergies, asthma, and allergic rhinitis during the first three years of life was prospectively investigated using self-reports of physician-diagnosed allergies. A multivariable modified Poisson regression model was used to estimate the cumulative incidence ratio and their 95% confidence intervals of allergic diseases associated with prenatal exposure to mercury, selenium, and manganese. We further evaluated the interaction between mercury and selenium exposures in this association. RESULTS: We confirmed 26,238 cases of childhood allergic diseases: atopic dermatitis, food allergies, asthma, and allergic rhinitis in 9,715 (10.3%), 10,897 (11.5%), and 9,857 (10.4%), 4,630 (4.9%), respectively. No association was found between prenatal mercury or manganese exposure and the risk of allergic diseases. Prenatal selenium exposure was inversely associated with atopic dermatitis, food allergies, allergic rhinitis, and any allergic diseases, but not with asthma. These inverse associations were more pronounced for lower mercury exposures than for higher exposures. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that prenatal exposure to selenium may be beneficial for reducing the risk of atopic dermatitis, food allergies, allergic rhinitis, and any allergic diseases in early childhood, especially with lower prenatal mercury exposure.
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