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  3. 头屑反复、头皮瘙痒?中医教你从根源调理头部脂溢性皮炎

头屑反复、头皮瘙痒?中医教你从根源调理头部脂溢性皮炎

深度研究涛哥的文献发表于 2026年03月19日 07:390阅读
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1. 头部脂溢性皮炎:被忽视的“头皮麻烦”

1.1 常见症状与困扰:头屑、瘙痒、油腻的典型表现

想象一下这样的场景:你精心打扮了一番,准备出门赴约,却在镜子前发现肩头落满了星星点点的白色碎屑,伸手一摸头皮,不仅油腻腻的,还痒得厉害,忍不住想抓几下……这尴尬的一幕,可能就是“头部脂溢性皮炎”在向你发出警告。

头部脂溢性皮炎,听起来有点拗口,但它其实是困扰很多人的常见皮肤问题。简单来说,就是头皮上的皮脂腺太活跃,分泌了过多的油脂,再加上一些微生物(主要是马拉色菌,一种喜欢油腻环境的真菌)的“推波助澜”,导致头皮发炎,出现一系列让人烦恼的症状 123。

它最常见的几个“招牌”表现有:

  • 头屑如雪,片片飘落:这可不是普通的头皮屑,而是更厚、更大片的白色或淡黄色鳞屑,有时会粘附在头皮上,抠下来还会带着油脂感。它们就像头皮上脱落的“小碎片”,让你穿深色衣服时总担心被发现,社交时也忍不住想拍掉肩头的“雪花”。
  • 奇痒难耐,抓挠不止:头皮会感到一阵阵的瘙痒,有时是轻微的,有时却剧烈得让你忍不住想拼命抓挠,越抓越痒,形成恶性循环。这种瘙痒不仅白天困扰你,晚上还可能让你辗转反侧,影响睡眠质量 4。
  • 头皮油腻,头发扁塌:脂溢性皮炎的患者头皮油脂分泌旺盛,常常洗完头没多久就感觉头发油腻腻的,紧贴头皮,显得扁塌没精神。这就像头皮变成了一块“大油田”,让你的发型难以保持,甚至会散发出一些令人不悦的气味。
  • 红斑隐现,甚至脱发:仔细观察,你可能会发现头皮局部出现红色斑块,有时还会伴有轻微的肿胀。长期不愈或反复发作,还可能导致毛囊受损,出现头发稀疏甚至脱发的问题。

这些看似“小毛病”的症状,却能对我们的生活造成不小的困扰。除了前面提到的社交尴尬,长时间的瘙痒和油腻感还会让人心情烦躁,影响自信心 4。更重要的是,如果长期忽视,脂溢性皮炎可能会反复发作,甚至加重,变成一个缠绵难愈的“老毛病”。所以,了解它,重视它,并积极寻求科学的调理方法,才能真正摆脱这些头皮烦恼。

2. 中医视角下的发病根源:湿热、风燥、脾虚的“三角失衡”

在现代医学看来,头部脂溢性皮炎可能与皮脂分泌异常、微生物感染、遗传、内分泌失调等因素有关。然而,在中医的广阔视野里,它被认为是身体内部失衡的一种外在表现。中医不看局部,更注重整体,认为头皮上的这些“麻烦”是身体里某个地方出了问题,就好比家里的电路短路了,灯泡才会一闪一闪。

中医将头部脂溢性皮炎的发病根源归结为多种因素的“三角失衡”,其中最常见的有“湿热内蕴”、“风燥血亏”和“脾虚湿困”。这三者既可以单独作祟,也常常相互影响,让病情变得复杂多变。

2.1 湿热内蕴:饮食不节如何引发头皮“油痘”

“湿热内蕴”是导致头部脂溢性皮炎最常见的一种体质类型,也是头皮油腻、红肿、瘙痒的“罪魁祸首”。那么,什么是“湿热”?它又是怎么跑到我们头皮上的呢?

我们可以把人体想象成一个精密的“小厨房”。我们每天吃进去的食物,就是这个厨房的“食材”。正常情况下,脾胃这个“锅炉”会把这些食材好好消化,变成身体需要的营养,多余的“水汽”也会被排出体外。

但如果你的饮食习惯出了问题,比如:

  • 大鱼大肉,顿顿油腻:经常吃辛辣、油炸、烧烤等重口味、高脂肪的食物。
  • 甜食不离口,冷饮灌不停:爱吃甜腻的糕点、喝冰镇饮料,这些都容易损伤脾胃的运化功能。
  • 嗜酒如命,胡吃海喝:酒精在中医里也属于湿热之品,会加重体内的湿热。

这些“不健康”的食材源源不断地进入“小厨房”,就会让脾胃这个“锅炉”不堪重负。它没法好好消化这些食物,就会产生大量的“垃圾”——也就是中医所说的“湿”。同时,这些油腻、辛辣的食物本身带有“热”性,或者在体内消化代谢过程中产生“热”量,湿和热纠缠在一起,就形成了“湿热”。

这股“湿热”在身体里可不安分,它会像一股热气一样,沿着经络向上蒸腾。头皮,作为我们身体的“最高点”,自然成了这股湿热最容易到达的地方。当湿热之气上蒸到头皮时,就会出现以下情况:

  • 头皮“出油”更多:湿热会刺激头皮的皮脂腺,让它们像开了闸门一样,分泌出更多的油脂。这也就是为什么“湿热型”脂溢性皮炎患者的头皮总是油光锃亮,头发洗完没多久就塌下来。
  • 头皮发红、长“痘痘”:热邪会引起头皮的毛细血管扩张,导致局部发红;湿邪则会阻滞气血运行,容易在毛囊处形成炎症,出现像“小痘痘”一样的丘疹。
  • 头屑黄而油腻:湿热之邪影响头皮细胞的正常代谢,使得头皮角质层异常增生和脱落,形成的头屑往往是淡黄色,且带有油腻感,甚至黏附在发根上难以清除。
  • 瘙痒剧烈:湿热郁结在头皮,会刺激皮肤神经末梢,导致剧烈瘙痒。而且这种瘙痒往往越热越重,让人难以忍受。

简单来说,就是你吃得不对,体内产生了“湿热”这股“脏东西”,然后这股“脏东西”又被“熏蒸”到头皮上,把头皮变成了一个“油腻腻、红通通、痒兮兮”的问题区域,就像是头皮上长了“油痘”一样。

2.2 风燥血亏:长期反复发作的“干痒密码”

如果说“湿热内蕴”像是给头皮浇了一盆“热油”,那么“风燥血亏”则更像是让头皮变成了一片“干涸的土地”。这种类型的脂溢性皮炎患者,往往头屑比较干燥,头皮也容易感到紧绷和剧烈瘙痒。

在中医看来,“风燥血亏”主要指的是身体里的“血”不够了,同时又受到了“风邪”和“燥邪”的侵袭。这又是怎么回事呢?

我们可以把“血”想象成滋养身体各个部位的“营养液”。头皮和毛囊,也需要充足的“营养液”来滋润,才能保持健康。而“风”和“燥”则像是两股捣乱的外部势力:

  • “血亏”从何而来?
    • 久病耗伤:如果脂溢性皮炎迁延不愈,长期反复发作,身体在与疾病对抗的过程中,会不断消耗气血,时间一长,“营养液”就不足了。
    • 情志不畅:现代人生活压力大,经常熬夜、焦虑、情绪低落,这些不良情绪都会影响肝脏的功能。中医认为“肝藏血”,肝的功能不好,藏血、生血的能力就会下降,导致“血亏”。
    • 饮食不均衡:长期偏食、挑食,也会导致营养摄入不足,影响气血的生化。

当身体里的“营养液”——“血”不足时,头皮得不到充分的滋养,就会像缺水的土地一样变得干燥。

  • “风燥”又如何作祟?
    • 血虚生风:中医有句话叫“血虚生风”。当身体里的“营养液”不够,无法滋润和濡养筋脉时,就会产生类似“风”一样的症状,比如皮肤瘙痒、肢体麻木等。
    • 燥邪侵袭:环境干燥,或者身体内部津液不足,都会导致“燥”邪。燥邪最喜欢“吸水”,它会让皮肤变得更加干燥、粗糙。

当“血亏”与“风燥”这两种情况结合起来,头皮就会出现一系列“干痒”的症状:

  • 头皮干燥、脱屑:头皮缺乏血液的滋养,变得干枯,更容易出现细碎的、干燥的白色鳞屑,有时还会像糠秕一样掉落。
  • 剧烈瘙痒:血虚生风,风邪扰动皮肤,会引起阵发性的剧烈瘙痒,而且这种瘙痒往往让人难以忍受,越抓越痒。
  • 发质干枯:头皮的营养不足,毛囊也得不到充分滋润,头发可能会变得干枯、没有光泽,甚至容易断裂。
  • 伴随全身症状:除了头皮症状,患者可能还会出现面色苍白、嘴唇干裂、手脚心发热、心烦失眠等全身血虚或阴虚的症状。

所以,“风燥血亏”型的脂溢性皮炎,其根本原因在于身体内部的阴血不足,头皮失去了滋养。这就像是一棵树,根部营养不良,树叶自然就会枯黄、干燥。要解决这个问题,就需要从滋养身体的“根本”入手,补足“营养液”,才能让头皮重新焕发生机。

2.3 脾虚湿困:体质薄弱者的“反复诱因”

除了湿热和风燥,还有一类脂溢性皮炎患者,他们的麻烦反复不断,总是好不了,或者好了一段时间又犯了。这往往与中医说的“脾虚湿困”脱不了关系。

我们前面提过,脾胃是身体的“锅炉”,负责消化吸收,把吃进去的食物变成身体需要的精微物质。但脾胃还有一个非常重要的功能,就是运化水湿,它就像身体里的一个“抽水机”,把多余的水分排出体外,让身体保持干爽。

如果一个人长期饮食不规律、过度劳累、思虑过多,或者本身就是体质比较虚弱的人,时间长了,脾胃这个“抽水机”的功能就会下降,变得“力不不心”。这就是所谓的“脾虚”。

脾虚了,会发生什么呢?

  • 水湿停滞体内:脾胃运化水湿的能力下降,多余的水分就不能及时排出体外,而是停留在身体里,形成了“湿邪”。这湿邪就像是身体里的“痰”和“浊”,黏腻而沉重。
  • 湿邪上犯头皮:当湿邪滞留在体内,又没有一个出口的时候,它就会随着身体的气机向上蔓延,最终到达头皮。湿邪和头皮上的皮脂腺“勾结”起来,就会加重头皮的油腻感和湿润感。
  • 症状缠绵难愈:湿邪的特点就是黏滞、重着,它一旦停留在某个地方,就很难被清除。所以,脾虚湿困型的脂溢性皮炎,往往表现为病程长、反复发作、症状黏腻不爽,头屑多为油性或湿性,并且感觉头皮发沉。
  • 伴随全身症状:脾虚湿困的人,除了头皮问题,还可能出现一些全身的症状,比如面色萎黄、身体困重乏力、食欲不振、大便稀溏、舌苔厚腻等。这些都是脾胃功能虚弱,水湿内停的表现。

所以,对于那些脂溢性皮炎总是“剪不断理还乱”,反反复复发作的人来说,很可能就是体内的“脾虚湿困”在作祟。脾这个“抽水机”不给力,湿气就一直排不出去,即使暂时控制了头皮的症状,湿气还在体内,随时可能卷土重来。因此,要从根本上解决问题,就得先把脾胃这个“抽水机”给修好,让它重新有力地运作起来,把湿邪彻底排出体外,才能真正告别反复发作的困扰。临床研究也证实,针对脾虚湿困型皮肤病,健脾祛湿的中药治疗能有效改善症状,降低复发率 567。甚至有研究发现,健脾益气的方剂还能通过调节细胞行为和相关基因表达,改善皮肤状态,有助延缓皮肤衰老 8。

3. 中医内治法:辨证分型与经典方药组合

了解了头部脂溢性皮炎在中医眼里的“前世今生”和不同病因类型,接下来就要说说中医如何“对症下药”了。中医治疗最讲究“辨证论治”,也就是要根据每个人具体的体质和症状表现,找出背后的根本原因,然后开出最适合的药方。这就像医生看病,不是所有的感冒都开一样的药,要看你是风寒感冒还是风热感冒,才能药到病除。

针对头部脂溢性皮炎,中医内治法主要就是通过服用中药,从身体内部进行调理。根据前面提到的“湿热”、“风燥”、“脾虚”这三种常见类型,中医师会选择不同的经典方剂,并根据患者的具体情况进行加减,力求达到最佳的治疗效果。

3.1 湿热型:清热利湿的“快攻方”

如果你是属于“湿热型”的头部脂溢性皮炎患者,表现为头皮油腻、红肿、瘙痒剧烈,头屑黄而黏腻,就像头皮上“浇了热油”一样,那么中医的治疗思路就是——“清热利湿”,就像要把头皮上的这锅“油污”清理干净。

针对湿热之邪,中医师常用的经典方剂有:

  • 龙胆泻肝汤:这个方子就像一位“消防员”,专门用来扑灭肝胆经的实火湿热。方中龙胆草、黄芩、栀子等药物,能够强力清除肝胆的湿热,让头皮的炎症和红肿得到缓解。
  • 茵陈蒿汤:这个方子则更侧重于清利湿热,尤其适用于湿热较重,表现为皮肤黄疸等症状的情况。它能帮助身体把多余的湿热排出体外。

当然,中医师在实际应用时,并不会原封不动地照搬古方,而是会根据你具体的症状进行“加减”。比如,如果瘙痒特别剧烈,可能会加入苦参、白鲜皮等具有良好止痒、燥湿作用的药材,进一步增强清热利湿的效果。这些药材就像是“特种兵”,能精准打击湿热这个“敌人”。

现代医学研究也为中医的这些治疗思路提供了佐证。例如,一些临床研究发现,对于轻中度的头部脂溢性皮炎患者,中西医结合的治疗方案往往能取得更好的效果。比如,有研究表明,使用“润燥止痒胶囊”(一种具有清热利湿、养血润燥功效的中成药)配合“皮肤康洗液”(一种常用的外用洗剂)进行联合治疗,能够显著改善患者的头皮瘙痒、红斑和脱屑等症状。这说明,在清除体内湿热的同时,配合外用药物直接作用于病灶,能够更快地缓解症状,提升治疗效率。

3.2 风燥型:养血润燥的“柔润方”

如果你的头部脂溢性皮炎表现为头皮干燥、剧烈瘙痒、头屑细碎如糠秕,甚至伴有头发干枯,就像是一片“干涸的土地”,那么中医的治疗思路就是——“养血润燥”,同时“祛风止痒”,如同给这片干涸的土地“浇水施肥”,让它重新获得滋润。

针对“风燥血亏”的病机,中医师常用的经典方剂有:

  • 当归饮子:这个方子就像一位“滋养师”,主要用于养血润燥。方中的当归、生地黄是养血的“主力军”,它们能补充身体的“营养液”,让头皮得到充分滋养。同时,还会配伍一些清热、祛风、止痒的药材,如荆芥、防风等,就像是给头皮盖上一层“保护膜”,减少外界风邪的刺激,缓解瘙痒。
  • 消风散:这个方子则更侧重于祛风止痒。它里面含有防风、蝉蜕等药物,这些药物就像是“侦察兵”,能把潜伏在皮肤里的“风邪”驱赶出去,从而快速缓解剧烈的瘙痒。同时,方中也会配伍一些养血润燥的药物,如当归、生地,避免单纯祛风而损伤津液,就像是“边打扫边修复”。

中医师会根据你的具体情况,灵活地进行加减。比如,如果血虚的症状比较明显,可能会加用何首乌、白芍等滋补肝肾、养血的药材;如果瘙痒特别严重,可能会加入白蒺藜、地肤子等增强祛风止痒效果。

这种“养血润燥、祛风止痒”的调理思路,在临床上被广泛应用。例如,有研究表明,梅花针敲打配合改良养血定风汤(含养血祛风药物)治疗局限性神经性皮炎,获得了显著疗效 9。虽然神经性皮炎与脂溢性皮炎病种不同,但其治疗中“养血祛风”的理念与“养血润燥、祛风止痒”有异曲同工之妙。

此外,一些大型的人群研究也支持了中药在治疗特应性皮炎(一种与脂溢性皮炎有相似病理机制的皮肤病,常伴有瘙痒和干燥)方面的有效性。例如,在针对儿童特应性皮炎患者的调查中发现,消风散是临床上最常用的中药方剂之一 1011。另有研究表明,口服消风散能显著改善难治性特应性皮炎的各项症状,且在治疗结束后仍能维持疗效 1213。这些研究虽然不是直接针对头部脂溢性皮炎,但它们从侧面印证了以消风散为代表的祛风养血类方剂在改善皮肤瘙痒、干燥等症状方面的可靠性。

总而言之,“风燥型”头部脂溢性皮炎的治疗,就像是在给干旱的土地补充水分和养分,同时清除那些引起瘙痒的“风沙”。通过养血润燥,从内而外地滋养头皮,才能让它摆脱干燥和瘙痒的困扰。

3.3 脾虚型:健脾祛湿的“固本方”

如果你的头部脂溢性皮炎总是反反复复,缠绵不愈,症状时好时坏,头屑常常是油腻腻或湿湿的,而且你还常常觉得身体乏力、食欲不振、大便稀溏,舌苔也比较厚腻,那么很可能你就是中医说的“脾虚湿困”体质。这种情况下,脾胃这个“抽水机”不给力,导致湿气排不出去,郁积在体内,头皮问题自然就难以根治。

对于“脾虚湿困”型的脂溢性皮炎,中医的治疗思路是——“健脾祛湿”,就像是给身体的“抽水机”加足马力,把体内的湿气彻底清除出去,从而达到“固本培元”的效果。

中医师在治疗这类患者时,常用的经典方剂是:

  • 参苓白术散:这个方子就像一位“营养师兼清洁工”,它能够健脾益气,增强脾胃的运化功能,让身体的“抽水机”重新有力地工作起来,同时也能帮助身体排出多余的湿气。方中人参(或党参)、白术、茯苓、山药等药材,协同作用,既能补益脾气,又能渗湿止泻,使得湿气无处可藏。

当然,为了更好地祛除头皮上的湿邪,中医师还会根据具体情况进行“加减”。比如,如果湿气特别重,可能会加入苍术、茯苓等药材,它们就像是“强力除湿剂”,能够更有效地燥湿健脾,加速湿邪的排出。

在现代临床实践中,为了增强治疗效果,有时也会采取中西医结合的方案。例如,针对一些严重的脾虚湿困型脂溢性皮炎患者,在服用中药健脾祛湿的同时,可能会联合使用大蒜素肠溶片。大蒜素在中医里有“化湿解毒”的功效,现代医学研究也表明,大蒜素具有抗菌、抗炎的作用,能有效抑制马拉色菌等微生物的生长,从而辅助减轻头皮炎症和瘙痒。这种中西医结合的治疗方案,既能从根本上调理体质,又能快速缓解局部症状,体现了“治养结合”的理念。

强调“治养结合”的长期调理意义,是因为脾虚湿困不是一天两天形成的,它的改善也需要一个过程。健脾祛湿的治疗,不仅仅是为了消除当前的头皮症状,更是为了从根本上改变你的体质,让脾胃功能恢复正常,杜绝湿邪再次生成。这就像是治理一条河流,不仅要清理河道里的垃圾,更要从源头抓起,防止新的污染。只有这样,才能真正告别脂溢性皮炎的反复困扰,让头皮和身体都恢复健康状态。

4. 外洗方:中药“洗头水”的科学与实操

除了口服中药从内部调理,中医治疗头部脂溢性皮炎还有一个非常重要的外用方法——中药外洗。这就像给头皮敷上了一层“中药面膜”,直接作用于病灶,能够快速缓解局部症状,辅助内治法达到更好的效果。对于许多深受头皮瘙痒、油腻困扰的患者来说,一盆温热、药香扑鼻的中药“洗头水”,不仅能带来即时的舒缓,更能让头皮在药效的浸润下逐渐恢复健康。

中药外洗,可不是随便拿几味药材煮煮水那么简单,它同样遵循中医的辨证论治原则。不同的药材有不同的功效,就像我们厨房里的各种调料,要根据菜肴的特点来搭配。接下来,我们就来揭秘中药“洗头水”里的那些“天然配方”,看看它们是如何发挥抗菌、抗炎、止痒作用的。

4.1 常用外洗药材:抗菌、抗炎的“天然配方”

中药外洗方中常用的药材,大多是中医里有“清热解毒”、“祛湿止痒”功效的药。它们就像是大自然赐予我们的“皮肤卫士”,能够多方位地改善脂溢性皮炎的症状。

  • 侧柏叶:这是一种常见的植物叶片,闻起来有一股特殊的清香。在中医里,侧柏叶有“凉血止血、乌发生发”的功效,用于外洗,它能帮助控制头皮油脂分泌,减少油腻感。现代药理研究发现,侧柏叶提取物对多种细菌和真菌都有抑制作用,有助于减少头皮微生物的过度繁殖,从而减轻炎症。
  • 苦参:顾名思义,这味药材尝起来很苦。但它的“苦”却能“降火”,具有非常好的清热燥湿、杀虫止痒作用。对于那些瘙痒剧烈、头皮红肿的脂溢性皮炎患者来说,苦参就像一位“灭火队员”,能够迅速缓解不适。研究表明,苦参含有多种生物碱,具有广谱抗菌作用,能有效抑制引起头皮炎症的细菌和真菌。
  • 白鲜皮:这味药材也是中医皮肤科的常用药,被誉为“治风癣湿热之要药”。它主要的功效是清热燥湿、祛风止痒。对于伴有明显红斑、渗出和剧烈瘙痒的头皮,白鲜皮能起到很好的消炎、止痒作用。现代研究也证实,白鲜皮具有抗炎、抗过敏和免疫调节作用。
  • 蛇床子:这味药材有燥湿止痒、杀虫的功效,尤其擅长治疗湿疹、瘙痒等皮肤病。它对多种真菌(包括引起脂溢性皮炎的马拉色菌)有较强的抑制作用 14,因此在对抗头皮真菌感染方面表现出色。蛇床子中的主要活性成分如蛇床子素,被认为具有抗真菌和抗炎的双重功效。
  • 地肤子:又称“扫帚苗”,具有清热利湿、祛风止痒的功效。它能帮助清除头皮多余的湿气,缓解瘙痒和油腻。
  • 黄柏:具有清热燥湿、泻火解毒的功效。对于头皮红肿、发热、炎症明显的湿热型脂溢性皮炎,黄柏能有效减轻炎症反应。
  • 土茯苓:能够解毒、除湿、利关节。在皮肤病治疗中,它常用于清除湿毒,有助于减轻头皮炎症和改善皮损。
  • 白芷:除了止痛散寒,白芷还有消肿排脓的作用,对于头皮局部有丘疹、毛囊炎表现的患者有益。

这些药材各有所长,但共同的特点是能够针对脂溢性皮炎的病理机制,如炎症、微生物感染、皮脂分泌异常等,发挥协同作用。它们不是简单地抑制症状,而是从根本上改善头皮的微环境,帮助头皮恢复自身的健康平衡。例如,有研究发现,一些传统中草药(如白鲜皮的提取物)具有抗炎作用,能够抑制炎症反应,从而改善牛皮癣等炎症性皮肤病的症状 15161718。虽然这些研究不是直接针对脂溢性皮炎,但其作用机制与脂溢性皮炎的炎症过程有相似之处,提示了这些药材在治疗皮肤炎症中的潜力。

4.2 经典外洗方与使用技巧

了解了这些“天然配方”的神奇之处,我们就可以将它们巧妙组合,熬制成效力强大的中药“洗头水”。在临床实践中,经过反复验证,以下几种经典外洗方对于头部脂溢性皮炎的治疗效果显著:

  • “侧柏叶苦参汤”:这是最常用也最基础的方子之一,特别适合头皮油腻、瘙痒、有红斑的湿热型患者。

    • 药材组成:侧柏叶30克、苦参20克、白鲜皮15克。
    • 功效分析:侧柏叶控油生发,苦参清热燥湿、杀虫止痒,白鲜皮清热解毒、祛风止痒。三药合用,能够有效抑制头皮炎症,减少油脂分泌,并迅速缓解瘙痒。
  • “地肤子黄柏汤”:此方更适合头皮湿重、有渗出倾向,或瘙痒伴灼热感的患者。

    • 药材组成:地肤子30克、黄柏15克、土茯苓20克。
    • 功效分析:地肤子清热利湿止痒,黄柏清热燥湿解毒,土茯苓除湿解毒。共奏清热利湿、消炎止痒之功。

煎煮方法与使用技巧:

中药外洗方的使用,讲究“浓煎取汁,温洗头皮”,才能让药效充分发挥。

  1. 准备药材:将选定的中药材(例如侧柏叶30g、苦参20g、白鲜皮15g)清洗干净,放入干净的砂锅或不锈钢锅中。
  2. 加水浸泡:加入足量的清水,水量大约没过药材2-3厘米,浸泡约30分钟,有助于药材有效成分的溶出。
  3. 浓煎取汁:大火烧开后转小火,继续煎煮20-30分钟。煎煮时间不宜过长,以免有效成分挥发。待药液煮好后,用纱布或滤网滤去药渣,取药汁。这一步得到的药汁会比较浓稠,药力也最强。
  4. 稀释调温:将浓缩的药汁倒入洗脸盆中,根据头皮的承受能力,加入适量的温水稀释,使药液的温度保持在38℃-40℃左右,以感觉温热而不烫为宜。过热会刺激头皮,过凉则药效不易渗透。
  5. 头皮浸泡与按摩:将头皮完全浸泡在药液中(或用毛巾蘸取药液反复擦洗头皮),同时用指腹轻轻按摩头皮10分钟左右。按摩可以促进头皮血液循环,帮助药液更好地渗透吸收。注意不要用指甲抓挠,以免损伤头皮。
  6. 无需冲洗:用药液洗完后,一般无需再用清水冲洗,让药液留在头皮上自然风干,以便药效持续发挥。如果担心药味过重,或者头皮黏腻不适,可以在使用后半小时用清水简单冲洗,但最好还是让药液多停留一段时间。
  7. 使用频率:在脂溢性皮炎急性发作期,可以每日使用1次,以迅速缓解症状。待症状明显好转后,可改为隔日1次或每周2-3次,作为巩固治疗和预防复发的方法。
  8. 贵在坚持:中药外洗并非一蹴而就,需要坚持一段时间才能看到显著效果。一般来说,持续使用2-4周为一个疗程。请务必遵医嘱,并观察头皮状况,适时调整使用频率和药方。

中药外洗方能够直接作用于头皮,快速缓解局部炎症和瘙痒,但它毕竟是外用疗法,主要起到“治标”的作用。因此,结合内服中药进行全身调理,内外兼治,才能从根本上解决头部脂溢性皮炎的反复困扰。

5. 防复发关键:日常调护与中医“治未病”

治病如治水,不仅要疏通河道、清除淤泥,更要从源头抓起,防止新的污染。头部脂溢性皮炎也一样,除了积极治疗,日常的调护和预防同样重要。中医常讲“治未病”,意思是不仅仅在疾病发生后才去治疗,更要在疾病发生之前或疾病尚未严重时,通过调整生活习惯、饮食结构、情志状态等,来预防疾病的发生发展。对于头部脂溢性皮炎来说,这意味着我们在症状缓解后,不能掉以轻心,而要将日常的调理融入生活,才能真正告别反复发作的困扰。

5.1 饮食忌口:避开“湿热助燃剂”

俗话说“病从口入”,对于头部脂溢性皮炎来说,这句话尤其适用。在中医看来,很多头皮问题都与体内的“湿热”有关,而我们的日常饮食,正是影响湿热产生和加重的重要因素。因此,想要告别头皮的反复困扰,首先要管住嘴,避开那些为“湿热”添砖加瓦的“助燃剂”。

我们可以把脾胃想象成一个炉灶,负责消化食物,把水谷精微转化为身体所需。如果吃了太多不易消化的、产湿生热的食物,这个炉灶就会“火力过旺”,或者“水汽太重”,导致湿热内生。当这些湿热循经上犯头皮时,就会加重头皮的油腻、瘙痒和红肿。

那么,哪些食物是脂溢性皮炎患者需要特别注意避开的“湿热助燃剂”呢?

  • 辛辣刺激类食物:辣椒、花椒、生姜、大蒜、葱等辛辣之品,具有温热之性,容易助长体内“火热”,加重头皮的炎症和瘙痒。尤其是在脂溢性皮炎发作期间,这些食物更是要敬而远之,否则无异于“火上浇油”。
  • 油腻肥甘类食物:炸鸡、烧烤、肥肉、动物内脏、奶油蛋糕等高脂肪、高热量的食物,不仅难以消化,还会增加脾胃的负担,使脾胃运化功能失常,导致“湿”的产生。这些油腻的食物在体内代谢后,更容易转化为湿热,上蒸头皮,加重头皮的油腻感和毛囊堵塞。
  • 甜腻生冷类食物:糖果、甜点、冰淇淋、冷饮等甜腻之品,容易损伤脾胃,使其运化功能减弱,从而产生“湿邪”。而生冷食物则会直接刺激肠胃,影响脾胃的正常工作,使得湿气内停。
  • 酒精类饮品:酒在中医看来,性味辛甘大热,尤其白酒和啤酒,更是典型的“湿热之品”。长期饮酒会助长体内湿热,加重肝脏的负担,使肝胆湿热上泛头皮,导致病情反复。

光说不能吃什么还不够,我们还需要知道应该吃什么。为了健脾祛湿,清热解毒,以下这些食材是值得推荐的“头皮友好型”食物:

  • 健脾祛湿类:
    • 赤小豆:利水除湿,能帮助身体排出多余水分。
    • 薏米:健脾利湿,同时也有清热排脓的功效。
    • 山药:健脾益气,补益脾胃,有助于恢复脾胃的运化功能。
    • 冬瓜、丝瓜、茯苓:这些都是清热利湿的佳品,适合日常食用。
  • 清热解毒类:
    • 绿豆:清热解毒,消暑利湿。
    • 苦瓜:清热泻火,有助于改善湿热体质。
    • 新鲜蔬菜和水果:富含维生素和膳食纤维,有助于身体新陈代谢,清热解毒。

记住,健康的饮食习惯是控制脂溢性皮炎,特别是“湿热型”脂溢性皮炎的关键。避开那些“湿热助燃剂”,多吃健脾清热利湿的食物,才能从根本上减少湿热的产生,让头皮保持清爽健康。

5.2 头皮护理:适度清洁与“温和原则”

除了饮食调理,日常的头皮护理也是控制和预防头部脂溢性皮炎复发的重中之重。洗头这件看似简单的事情,里面可大有学问。如果护理不当,不仅无法改善头皮状况,反而可能刺激头皮,让病情雪上加霜。中医讲究“温和”,而现代医学也强调维护头皮屏障健康 19,这与中医的“温和原则”不谋而合。

以下是一些关键的头皮护理建议:

  • 选择温和的洗发水,告别“无硅油”迷思:
    “无硅油洗发水”近年来非常流行,很多人认为它更健康,可以减少头皮负担。对于脂溢性皮炎患者来说,选择洗发水最核心的原则是温和、清洁力适中,并具有一定的控油和抑菌功效。目前,市面上许多药用洗发水都含有抗真菌成分(如酮康唑、吡硫𠹬锌、二硫化硒等),它们能有效抑制引起脂溢性皮炎的马拉色菌生长,同时帮助剥落多余的头屑 1202122。例如,含有二硫化硒和水杨酸的药用洗发水被证实对脂溢性皮炎患者的头屑、头皮发红、瘙痒和油腻有显著改善作用 23。

    重点不是“无硅油”,而是要避开那些可能刺激头皮的成分,选择成分简单、功效明确的洗发产品。具体来说:

    • 含有抗真菌成分的洗发水:如2%酮康唑洗剂,或含有吡硫𠹬锌、二硫化硒(Selenium disulfide)等成分的洗发水,可以直接针对马拉色菌过度繁殖的问题。二硫化硒洗发水还能显著减少中度至重度头皮脂溢性皮炎复发的时间 24。
    • 避免强效去脂的洗发水:虽然头皮油腻,但过度清洁会破坏头皮的天然屏障,反而刺激皮脂腺分泌更多油脂,形成恶性循环。选择清洁力适中,洗后头皮感觉清爽但不紧绷的产品。
    • 观察自身反应:每个人的头皮状况不同,对洗发水的反应也可能不同。选择一款洗发水后,要观察使用后的头皮感受,如是否有瘙痒加重、头皮发红等不适,如果出现,应及时更换。
  • 洗头频率与方法:适度,而非过度:

    • 适度洗头:不必每天洗头,但也不宜间隔过长。对于头皮出油较多的患者,可以根据自身情况,每天或隔天洗一次。目标是保持头皮清洁,但不剥夺头皮必要的天然油脂。
    • 温水洗头:水温不宜过热,过热的水会刺激头皮,加重出油和瘙痒。建议使用温水,感觉舒适即可。
    • 轻柔按摩:洗发时用指腹轻柔按摩头皮,帮助清洁,同时促进血液循环。避免用指甲抓挠,因为抓挠会损伤头皮,引发继发感染。
  • 拒绝过度刺激:远离搔抓与烫染:

    • 避免搔抓:瘙痒是脂溢性皮炎最恼人的症状之一。然而,频繁搔抓不仅会损伤头皮屏障,加重炎症,还可能导致细菌或真菌感染,甚至引起脱发。当瘙痒难耐时,可以尝试用湿毛巾冷敷头皮,或轻轻拍打,转移注意力。
    • 谨慎烫染:烫发、染发剂中含有多种化学成分,这些成分对头皮具有潜在的刺激性,可能加重脂溢性皮炎的症状,甚至诱发过敏反应。在脂溢性皮炎发作期间,应完全避免烫染。即使在缓解期,也要尽量减少烫染的频率,并选择对头皮刺激较小的产品。
  • 中医“避风”理论:减少冷风直吹头皮:
    中医认为,“风为百病之长”,风邪容易侵袭人体,尤其在身体虚弱、腠理不固时。头为“诸阳之会”,头部是风邪侵袭的重要门户。虽然现代生活中难以完全“避风”,但我们可以采取一些措施来保护头部:

    • 洗头后及时吹干:洗完头后,尤其是在秋冬季节,应尽快用吹风机将头发吹干,避免头皮长时间处于湿冷状态,湿气和风邪易趁虚而入,加重湿困或引起风燥。吹风时注意温度不宜过高,避免烫伤头皮。
    • 避免长时间吹冷风:乘坐交通工具时,尽量避免头部长时间对着空调或车窗吹冷风。在户外风大的时候,可以适当佩戴帽子或头巾,保护头皮不受风邪侵袭。

遵循这些温和、适度的护理原则,结合正确的洗发产品选择,并注意保护头部,可以有效减少对头皮的刺激,帮助头皮屏障恢复健康,从而降低脂溢性皮炎的复发几率。

5.3 情绪调节:肝主疏泄与“头皮健康”

除了身体内部的湿热、风燥、脾虚和外部的饮食、护理,还有一个常常被我们忽视,却对头部脂溢性皮炎影响巨大的因素——那就是我们的情绪。在中医里,情绪与脏腑功能密切相关,尤其是肝脏,与情绪的调节息息相关。

我们可以把肝脏想象成身体里的一个“交通指挥官”,它的主要职责是“疏泄”。这个“疏泄”功能,就像是交通顺畅与否,它负责管理全身气机的运行,让气血畅通无阻,情绪舒畅,新陈代谢正常。

但是,如果我们的情绪长期处于紧张、焦虑、压抑的状态,或者经常熬夜,这个“交通指挥官”就会“堵车”,它的“疏泄”功能就会失常。

  • 焦虑、压抑损伤肝气:现代人生活节奏快,工作压力大,很多人长期处于焦虑、紧张、易怒或情绪低落的状态。中医认为“肝主情志”,不良情绪会直接损伤肝气,导致肝气郁结。肝气郁结,气血运行就不畅,就像交通堵塞一样,身体的各个部位都可能受到影响。
  • 熬夜更是“伤肝利器”:夜间是肝脏进行自我修复和藏血的重要时段。长期熬夜,肝脏得不到充分的休息和修复,肝血就会耗伤,肝的疏泄功能也会进一步受到影响。这就像是“交通指挥官”疲劳过度,指挥效率自然就下降了。

当肝的疏泄功能失常时,就容易导致气机不畅,气滞血瘀,或者肝郁化火,这些都会影响到头皮的健康:

  • 加重湿热或风燥:肝气郁结,常常会导致脾胃运化失调,湿气内生。如果郁结化火,还会进一步加重体内的“湿热”;而肝血不足,则可能导致“血虚生风”,加剧头皮的干燥和瘙痒。这就像是“交通指挥官”一旦失职,其他部门也会跟着出问题,使得原有的脂溢性皮炎症状变得更加复杂和顽固。
  • 皮脂分泌紊乱:情绪压力也会影响内分泌系统,导致雄激素分泌增多,从而刺激皮脂腺分泌更多的油脂,加重头皮的油腻。
  • 降低免疫力:长期情绪紧张和熬夜,还会削弱身体的免疫功能。免疫力下降,头皮就更容易受到马拉色菌等微生物的侵袭,使得脂溢性皮炎更容易发作或加重。

所以,如果你的头部脂溢性皮炎总是反复发作,或者在情绪紧张、熬夜后特别严重,那么很可能就是你的“肝指挥官”在向你发出警告了。调节情绪,改善作息,让肝脏恢复正常功能,对于巩固脂溢性皮炎的治疗效果,预防复发至关重要。

那么,我们应该如何帮助肝脏“疏通交通”,让情绪回归平衡呢?

  • 练习八段锦、太极拳等传统功法:这些缓慢、柔和的运动,不仅能锻炼身体,更能通过意念引导,调畅气机,舒缓肝郁。比如八段锦中的“调理脾胃须单举”、“左右开弓似射雕”等动作,都能帮助我们放松身心,促进气血运行。
  • 冥想、正念训练:现代心理学研究表明,冥想和正念练习能够有效缓解焦虑、压力,提升情绪调节能力,对于改善慢性皮肤病患者的生活质量有积极作用 2526。每天抽出10-15分钟,找一个安静的环境,闭目凝神,专注于自己的呼吸,感受身体的变化,让思绪慢慢沉淀下来。这就像是给大脑做一次“排毒”,让心情变得平静。
  • 保证充足睡眠:尽量在晚上11点前入睡,保证7-8小时的高质量睡眠,给肝脏充足的休息时间,让它更好地进行自我修复。
  • 培养兴趣爱好,转移注意力:将注意力从压力和烦恼中转移出来,投入到自己喜欢的事情中,如听音乐、阅读、园艺、绘画等,可以有效缓解负面情绪。
  • 寻求专业帮助:如果情绪问题已经严重影响到日常生活,难以自我调节,可以考虑寻求心理咨询师的帮助,进行专业的心理干预。研究显示,针对慢性皮肤病患者的心理干预,如认知行为疗法、放松训练等,能够有效改善患者的焦虑和抑郁症状,提升生活质量 25。

记住,身体和心灵是一个整体。只有内外兼修,身心同调,才能真正摆脱头部脂溢性皮炎的困扰,拥有健康的头皮和愉悦的心情。

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参考文献

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Luis J Borda, Marina Perper, Jonette E Keri
J Dermatolog Treat. 2019 Mar;30(2):158-169. doi: 10.1080/09546634.2018.1473554. Epub 2018 May 24.
Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic, recurring inflammatory skin disorder that manifests as erythematous macules or plaques with varying levels of scaling associated with pruritus. The condition typically occurs as an inflammatory response to Malassezia species and tends to occur on seborrheic areas, such as the scalp, face, chest, back, axilla, and groin areas. SD treatment focuses on clearing signs of the disease; ameliorating associated symptoms, such as pruritus; and maintaining remission with long-term therapy. Since the primary underlying pathogenic mechanisms comprise Malassezia proliferation and inflammation, the most commonly used treatment is topical antifungal and anti-inflammatory agents. Other broadly used therapies include lithium gluconate/succinate, coal tar, salicylic acid, selenium sulfide, sodium sulfacetamide, glycerin, benzoyl peroxide, aloe vera, mud treatment, phototherapy, among others. Alternative therapies have also been reported, such as tea tree oil, Quassia amara, and Solanum chrysotrichum. Systemic therapy is reserved only for widespread lesions or in cases that are refractory to topical treatment. Thus, in this comprehensive review, we summarize the current knowledge on SD treatment and attempt to provide appropriate directions for future cases that dermatologists may face.

2Understanding the Scalp: Dandruff and Seborrheic Dermatitis.PubMed

Aditya K Gupta, Ian Landells, Mesbah Talukder, et al.
J Cutan Med Surg. 2025 Nov-Dec;29(5_suppl):20S-26S. doi: 10.1177/12034754251368845. Epub 2025 Oct 24.
Dandruff (DF) and seborrheic dermatitis (SD) are prevalent, chronic scalp disorders that affect a large portion of the global population, often leading to significant psychological distress and quality-of-life impairment. While DF is a milder form characterized by mild scaling, itching, and no visible inflammation, SD presents as a more severe condition with red, scaly, and often inflamed lesions. Despite the high prevalence of these conditions, research specific to their epidemiology and management in Canada remains limited. This review examines the etiology, epidemiology, and management of DF and SD from a Canadian perspective. It highlights the role of species in the pathogenesis of both conditions and explores the influence of genetic, environmental, and microbial factors. The review also outlines the diverse clinical presentations of DF and SD across different ethnicities and the effectiveness of various over-the-counter and prescription treatments available. Additionally, the article emphasizes the lack of a Canadian consensus on the management of these conditions, calling for further research and formalized guidelines to better inform health care providers and improve patient care. Given the diverse Canadian population and the increasing burden of DF and SD, a more tailored approach to treatment is essential to address the challenges posed by these chronic conditions.

3Unmet needs for patients with seborrheic dermatitis.PubMed

J Mark Jackson, Andrew Alexis, Matthew Zirwas, et al.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2024 Mar;90(3):597-604. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.12.017. Epub 2022 Dec 17.
Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common skin disease with signs and symptoms that may vary by skin color, associated medical conditions, environmental factors, and vehicle preference. Diagnosis of SD is based on presence of flaky, "greasy" patches, and/or thin plaques accompanied by erythema of the scalp, face, ears, chest, and groin and is associated with pruritus in many patients. The presentation may vary in different skin types and hyper- or hypopigmentation may occur, with or without erythema and minimal or no scaling. While the pathogenesis is not certain, 3 key factors generally agreed upon include lipid secretion by sebaceous glands, Malassezia spp. colonization, and some form of immunologic dysregulation that predisposes the patient to SD. Treatment involves reducing proliferation of, and inflammatory response to, Malassezia spp. Topical therapies, including antifungal agents and low potency corticosteroids, are the mainstay of treatment but may be limited by efficacy and side effects. Few novel treatments for SD are currently being studied; however, clinical trials assessing the use of topical phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors have been completed. Improving outcomes in SD requires recognizing patient-specific manifestations/locations of the disease, including increased awareness of how it affects people of all skin types.

4The psychosocial dimensions of seborrheic dermatitis: A cross-sectional study on anxiety, personality, and quality of life.PubMed

Gamze Taş Aygar, Hanife Karataş, Elif Kaya, et al.
PLoS One. 2025 Aug 26;20(8):e0331030. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0331030. eCollection 2025.
BACKGROUND: Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that predominantly affects sebaceous gland-rich areas, such as the scalp, face, and chest. It is clinically characterized by erythematous plaques and scaling. Although its pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition, microbial colonization, and environmental triggers, the psychosocial dimensions of SD remain insufficiently explored. Given the chronic and visible nature of the disease, psychological factors like anxiety and personality traits may shape patients' perception of disease burden and their quality of life (QoL). OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the relationship between anxiety levels, personality traits, and the clinical severity and quality of life in patients with seborrheic dermatitis. By evaluating these dimensions together, the study seeks to better understand the psychosocial impact of SD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 210 adult South Dakota patients. Disease severity was assessed using the Seborrheic Dermatitis Area and Severity Index (SDASI), while QoL was measured using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Anxiety was evaluated using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and personality traits via the Bortner Personality Scale. Correlation analyses and regression models were employed. RESULTS: SDASI demonstrated a strong positive correlation with Physician Global Assessment (Rho = 0.815, p < 0.001), confirming its validity as a clinical severity tool. DLQI exhibited moderate positive correlations with both BAI and anxiety severity (Rho = 0.465 and Rho = 0.365, p < 0.001), indicating that anxiety substantially contributes to patient-perceived disease burden. In contrast, SDASI showed no significant associations with anxiety levels or personality traits (all p > 0.05), highlighting a dissociation between physician-rated severity and patient-reported quality of life. Weak correlations were observed between DLQI and female gender (Rho = 0.159, p = 0.011) as well as seasonality (Rho = 0.145, p = 0.018). CONCLUSION: Seborrheic dermatitis imposes a significant psychosocial burden that is more strongly linked to anxiety than to objective clinical severity. Our findings underscore the importance of integrating routine psychological screening-such as BAI assessment-into SD management to identify patients at risk of diminished quality of life. This study contributes novel evidence by concurrently evaluating clinical, psychological, and personality dimensions, reinforcing the need for a multidimensional, patient-centered approach to chronic inflammatory skin disorders.

5Efficacy and safety of self-made WenyangJianpi-qushi Decoction combined with mometasone furoate cream in the treatment of atopic dermatitis of spleen deficiency and dampness accumulation type.PubMed

Jinhui Tan, Yuting Fan, Luhui Liu, et al.
Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2024 Sep;43(3):149-153. doi: 10.1080/15569527.2024.2354734. Epub 2024 May 23.
: This work was to explore the efficacy and safety of self-made WenyangJianpi-qushi Decoction plus mometasone furoate cream in atopic dermatitis (AD) of spleen deficiency and dampness accumulation type. : 120 patients with this kind of atopic dermatitis were grouped: The Observation group (disease health education + basic treatment + mometasone furoate cream + self-made Decoction) and The Control group (disease health education + basic treatment + mometasone furoate cream), 60 cases in each group. The SCORAD score, serum IgE level, peripheral blood eosinophils, adverse events, recurrence rate, and total effective rate after treatment were observed.: Through treatment, SCORAD score of the observation group (29.96 ± 2.88) was lower as against controls (36.04 ± 3.12), 0.05. Through treatment, the peripheral blood eosinophil count in the observation group was (311.26 ± 50.19) 10/L, which was lower than (582.71 ± 54.75) 10/L in controls; the serum lgE of the observation group was (712.44 ± 93.32) IU/mL, which was lower than the controls (890.12 ± 81.25) IU/mL, 0.05. The Observation group (56/60, 93.33%) demonstrated superior total effective rate to the controls (34/60, 56.67%); The recurrence rate of the observation group was 4/60 (6.67%), which was lower than the controls 16/60 (26.67%), 0.05.: Self-made WenyangJianpi-qushi Decoction plus mometasone furoate cream to treat atopic dermatitis of spleen deficiency and dampness accumulation type has significant efficacy and good safety.

6Evaluation of the efficacy of intervention in the management of AD chronic disease based on the theory of "prevention of the recrudescence of disease".PubMed

Lian Zhang, Ninggang Chen, Jingjing Ye, et al.
Technol Health Care. 2024;32(S1):107-114. doi: 10.3233/THC-248009.
BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease with a chronic course and a high recurrence. OBJECTIVE: Based on the theory of "prevention and recovery after ulceration", the application value and significance of compound ginseng cicada decoction in the intervention of chronic disease management in patients with AD were retrospectively analyzed. METHODS: Through clinical retrospective observation, 60 patients with spleen deficiency and moisture type AD admitted to the outpatient clinic of our hospital after January 2019 were analyzed. After comprehensive treatment until the patient's Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) Scale score is lower than 2 points, the study group was divided into a research group and a control group, according to the actual clinical follow-up whether to take compound ginseng cicada soup. The control group carried out chronic disease management education, conventional emollient topical with no drug maintenance intervention, and the research group included clinical patients who were orally administered to compound ginseng cicada decoction for 1 month, observed for 3 months, and compared with the clinical recurrence (recurrence rate, time to first recurrence, severity at recurrence, degree of pruritus), and the quality of life. RESULTS: After 3 months, the relapse rate, recurrence severity, itching degree and quality of life impact scores of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group, and there were no obvious adverse events. CONCLUSION: The combined application of compound ginseng cicada decoction in the management of chronic diseases in patients with atopic dermatitis has the positive significance of reducing AD recurrence, alleviating the severity of recurrence, and effectively improving the life quality of patients. This method has high safety and is worthy of wide application.

7Revolutionizing atopic dermatitis treatment: The efficacy of modified Qingxin decoction.PubMed

Ying Guo, Jianzhou Ye, Guoying Miao
Pak J Pharm Sci. 2025 Mar-Apr;38(2):593-603.
We aimed to explore the Modified Qingxin Decoction for Invigorating the Spleen (MQDIS) in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) the efficacy and safety. We selected AD192 patients treated from June 2018 to June 2023 as a retrospective case-control study, and divided the patients into the observation group and the comparison group with 96 cases. Patients in the control group received conventional treatment. Observation group was treated with MQDIS on the basis of comparison group. Symptoms and signs, Scoring Atopic Dermatitis Index (SCORAD) score, itch score, dryness score and quality of life index were analyzed in the two groups. The improvement of skin area, severity, pruritus and sleep in the comparison group was better than that in the observation group, especially in the severity and sleep, and the statistical difference was very significant.(P<0.05).SCORAD score and itch degree of both groups decreased, the difference was statistically significant.(P<0.05).MQDIS for treating AD had a good effect on improving various points of skin lesion, dry points and quality of life, and the recurrence rate was lower, it was safe and effective.

8Determination via an Integration Strategy of the Potential Dermal ECM Reconstruction Mechanism by Which the WAW Formula Alleviates Skin Aging.PubMed

Yingying Lin, Yunhee Chang, Yoojae Maeng, et al.
J Cosmet Dermatol. 2025 Apr;24(4):e70124. doi: 10.1111/jocd.70124.
BACKGROUND: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treats skin conditions and delays aging using specific formulas. TCM links skin health to internal organ functions: kidney qi deficiency accelerates aging, whereas spleen deficiency leads to dry, loose skin from insufficient qi and blood. The renowned spleen-tonifying and kidney-nourishing formula "Wan An Wan" moisturizes the skin, but its antiageing mechanism remains unclear. AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the development strategy and comprehensive methodological framework for incorporating TCM into cosmetics and to assess the mechanism of action and application potential of the WAW formula in mitigating skin aging. RESULTS: In vitro experiments revealed that after optimizing the extraction of the active ingredients of the tailored WAW formula, it effectively inhibited NO production and tyrosinase activity and increased filaggrin, AQP, and HAS2 mRNA expression. Moreover, the active ingredients, including morroniside, were also analyzed separately. Mechanistic studies revealed that the tailored WAW formula upregulated the expression of the TGF-β1 gene associated with ECM production and downregulated the expression of the MMP-2/MMP-9 genes associated with ECM degradation, regulating cell behaviors such as migration, adhesion, and proliferation and thereby maintaining the healthy state of the skin. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, an overall strategy for applying TCM for the development of skin care solutions was established, the potential value of WAW in modern dermatologic applications was revealed, innovative raw materials with comprehensive effects were developed, and new ideas for the fields of cosmetics and dermatology were provided.

9Treatment of the localized neurodermatitis by plum-blossom needle tapping and with the modified yangxue dingfeng tang--a clinical observation of 47 cases.PubMed

Liu Weiying, Deng Yuanjiang, Liu Baolian
J Tradit Chin Med. 2006 Sep;26(3):181-3.
OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effects of plum-blossom needle tapping combined with the modified yangxue dingfeng tang (a decoction for nourishing the blood and expelling wind) for the localized neurodermatitis. METHODS: 141 cases of the localized neurodermatitis were randomly divided into 3 groups. Forty-seven patients in the treatment group received local tapping and oral medication of the modified yangxue dingfeng tang which consisted of sheng di huang ([Chinese characters: see text] Radix Rehmanniae), dang gui ([Chinese characters: see text] Radix Angelicae Sinensis), chi shao ([Chinese characters: see text] Radix Paeoniae Rubra), tian dong ([Chinese characters: see text] Radix Asparagi), mai dong ([Chinese characters: see text] Radix Ophiopogonis), jiang can ([Chinese characters: see text] Bombyx Batryticatus), mu dan pi ([Chinese characters: see text] Cortex Moutan), chuan xiong ([Chinese characters: see text] Rhizoma Chuanxiong), he shou wu ([Chinese characters: see text] Radix Polygoni Multiflori), and quan xie ([Chinese characters: see text] Scorpio). Forty-seven patients in the control group I were simply given the modified yangxue dingfeng tang; and 47 patients in the control group II were treated with oral benadryl and Vitamin C plus local external application of 10% urea ointment. The treatment course for all the 3 groups lasted 30 days. RESULTS: The short-term and long-term effects for the treatment group were much better than those of the 2 control groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The plum-blossom needle tapping plus the modified yangxue dingfeng tang exhibits a better and stable effect for the localized neurodermatitis.

10Efficacy of herbal medicine Xiao-Feng-San combined with auricular acupuncture for atopic dermatitis: A randomized controlled trial.PubMed

Nga Thu Tran, An Hoa Tran, Dieu-Thuong Thi Trinh
Integr Med Res. 2026 Jun;15(2):101256. doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2025.101256. Epub 2025 Sep 23.
BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with a considerable burden. Xiao-Feng-San (XFS) has been widely used in traditional medicine for the wind-dampness-heat pattern. Auricular acupuncture (AA) may relieve AD symptoms, but its added benefit with XFS is unclear. METHODS: In this randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial, 156 adults with non-severe AD and wind-dampness-heat pattern, all of whom were prescribed XFS decoction, were additionally assigned to receive either AA (XFS plus AA group, n=78) or sham AA (XFS plus Sham AA group, n=78) for four weeks. The primary outcome was the change in the SCORAD index from baseline to week 4. Secondary outcomes included fexofenadine use, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), serum total IgE, and adverse events. RESULTS: Compared with the XFS plus sham AA, the XFS plus AA group showed a significantly greater reduction in SCORAD at week 4 (mean difference [MD] -9.1; < 0.0001), exceeding the minimal clinically important difference. DLQI also improved more in the XFS plus AA group (MD -1.8; = 0.0362). Fexofenadine use was lower in this group, though not significantly; no significant differences in serum total IgE were found. Adverse events were mild and transient. CONCLUSIONS: Adding AA to XFS enhanced clinical outcomes and quality of life in patients with non-severe AD, with a favorable safety profile. These findings support AA as a promising adjunctive therapy in integrative approaches for AD. Further studies should validate these results across broader populations, with post-intervention follow-up, and diverse traditional medicine regimens. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06492902).

11Characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine users and prescription analysis for pediatric atopic dermatitis: a population-based study.PubMed

Yu-Chun Chen, Yi-Hsuan Lin, Sindy Hu, et al.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016 Jun 8;16:173. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1158-1.
BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis among children is an important issue due to relapses and skin manifestations. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is commonly used to treat children with atopic dermatitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics and TCM prescriptions of patients with atopic dermatitis using a nationwide database. METHODS: Children younger than 12 years of age diagnosed with atopic dermatitis, defined as ICD-9-CM codes 691.8 and 692.x, were identified from the database. Data on age, diagnosis codes, area of residence and use of corticosteroids of the TCM users were recorded. Association rule mining was used to analyze the prescriptions used for atopic dermatitis. RESULTS: We identified 13,646 children with atopic dermatitis using TCM in 2007. Female gender (OR: 0.83 for male gender), adolescence (OR: 10.0, 95 % CI: 8.88-11.15) and allergic rhinitis (OR: 2.44, 95 % CI: 2.10-2.85) were associated with the use of TCM. Fewer of the TCM users were prescribed with corticosteroids (35.8 % of all TCM users), but the TCM users had a higher rate of long-term topical corticosteroid therapy (10.6 % for TCM users versus 2.0 % for those who did not use TCM). Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) was used by 93.7 % of all TCM users in 36,398 prescriptions. On average, 5.6 kinds of CHM were used in combination. The relationship between the CHMs constituted a network, in which Xiao-Feng-San was the core treatment for atopic dermatitis. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we described the characteristics of children with atopic dermatitis who use TCM in Taiwan. and identified the core CHM treatment. Further research on the safety and efficacy of this treatment are still needed.

12The efficacy and safety of a Chinese herbal product (Xiao-Feng-San) for the treatment of refractory atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.PubMed

Hui-Man Cheng, Leih-Chin Chiang, Ya-Min Jan, et al.
Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2011;155(2):141-8. doi: 10.1159/000318861. Epub 2010 Dec 22.
BACKGROUND: Severe and widespread atopic dermatitis often fails to respond adequately to topical steroids and oral antihistamines and requires immunomodulatory drugs which, although effective, have undesirable toxic effects. METHODS: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 71 patients with severe intractable atopic dermatitis were given an 8-week treatment with oral Xiao-Feng-San (XFS; 47 patients) or placebo (24 patients). Total lesion score, erythema score, surface damage score, pruritus score and sleep score were measured at 4-week intervals. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients completed both the treatment and follow-up periods. The decrease in the total lesion score in the treatment group at 8 weeks was significantly greater than that of the placebo group (79.7 ± 5.8% vs. 13.5 ± 7.64%; p < 0.001). There was also a statistically significant difference between the treatment and placebo groups with regard to erythema, surface damage, pruritus and sleep scores. The difference between the 2 groups was still significant for all outcome measures except the erythema score at the 12-week follow-up, 4 weeks after the 8-week treatment had ended. Patients reported no side effects from treatment, although some commented on the unpalatability of the medication. CONCLUSION: Our study results suggest that the traditional Chinese herbal medicine XFS may be an alternative choice of therapy for severe, refractory, extensive and nonexudative atopic dermatitis.

13Chinese herbal medicine for epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor-induced skin rash in patients with malignancy: An updated meta-analysis of 23 randomized controlled trials.PubMed

Zhi-Qiang Chen, Ze-Yun Li, Cai-Zhi Yang, et al.
Complement Ther Med. 2019 Dec;47:102167. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.08.001. Epub 2019 Sep 9.
OBJECTIVE: To systematically review and evaluate the effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) therapy for epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor (EGFRI)-induced skin rash in patients with malignancy. METHODS: The electronic databases of Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Chinese Sci-tech Journal, Wan Fang, and Chinese Biomedicine were searched from their inception to 31 st September 2018. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effectiveness of CHM in improving EGFRI-induced skin rash were analyzed by Review Manager 5.3. RESULTS: Twenty-three eligible RCTs with 1392 participants were identified and divided into four subgroups according to different treatment rules of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and different controls. CHM (dispel wind, clear heat, and eliminate dampness), the representative formula Xiao Feng San, is more effective than western medicine in improving and curing skin rash(RR,95%CI: 1.46,1.26-1.70 and 1.65,1.24-2.20); CHM (nourish yin, clear heat, and remove toxin for eliminating blood stasis), the representative formula Yang Fei Xiao Zhen Tang, is more effective than western medicine in improving skin rash(RR,95%CI: 1.45,1.10-1.92). CHM (clear lung and purge heat, cool blood, and remove toxic substance) is more effective in improving and curing skin rash, compared with the western medicine group (RR,95%CI: 1.42,1.21-1.67 and 2.43,1.23-4.81) or the blank control group(RR,95%CI:2.37,1.21-4.63 and 2.98,1.20-7.41). The side effects of CHM are all mild and tolerable. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the results of the study are stable. The asymmetry funnel plots described that publication bias of this research may exist. CONCLUSION: The limited evidence suggests that CHM exhibits clinical effectiveness and good safety on the treatment of EGFRI-induced skin rash. Large-sample RCTs are required to further determine the effectiveness of CHM.

14Cnidium monnieri: A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemical and Ethnopharmacological Properties.PubMed

Yi-Min Li, Min Jia, Hua-Qiang Li, et al.
Am J Chin Med. 2015;43(5):835-77. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X15500500. Epub 2015 Aug 4.
Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss., an annual plant of the Umbelliferae species is one of the most widely used traditional herbal medicines and its fruits have been used to treat a variety of diseases in China, Vietnam, and Japan. The aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive analysis of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity and contraindication of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. and to provide future directions of research on this plant. To date, 350 compounds have been isolated and identified from Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss., including the main active constituent, coumarins. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that osthole and other coumarin compounds possess wide range of pharmacological properties for the treatment of female genitals, male impotence, frigidity, skin-related diseases, and exhibit strong antipruritic, anti-allergic, antidermatophytic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-osteoporotic effects. Although coumarins have been identified as the main active constituents responsible for the observed pharmacological effects, the molecular mechanisms of their actions are still unknown. Therefore, further studies are still required to reveal the structure-activity relationship of these active constituents. In addition, toxicological and clinical studies are also required to provide further data for pharmaceutical use.

15Anti-inflammatory effects of a methanol extract of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. root bark on imiquimod-induced psoriasis.PubMed

Minjee Choi, Jun Koo Yi, Si-Yong Kim, et al.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2019 Dec 2;19(1):347. doi: 10.1186/s12906-019-2767-2.
BACKGROUND: The root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. has been successfully used for the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions such as eczema and pruritus. However, the anti-psoriatic effect of this plant has not until now been investigated. METHODS: The aim of this project was to investigate whether a methanol extract of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. root bark (MEDD) can be used as a therapeutic agent for psoriasis in C57BL/6 mice model of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis. IMQ and MEDD was applied to mouse skin continuously for 7 days. The skin phenotype and the levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17, were analyzed. The immune cell population was determined by flow cytometry, and STAT1 and 3 protein levels were measured. RESULTS: An alleviation of scaly skin phenotype, immune cell infiltration in the dermis, and epidermal hyperplasia was observed after daily MEDD treatment in the lesion-affected area. It was also found that MEDD reduced IL-17 cytokine levels decreased by 44.37% (p < 0.05), the number of IL-17-producing Th17 cells and γδT cells, and the size of the Th1 population secreting IFN-γ decreased by 45.98, 62.21, and 44.42%, respectively (p < 0.05), compared with the vehicle control group. STAT3 signals, associated with IL-17 are also reduced by MEDD. CONCLUSIONS: An anti-psoriatic effect of MEDD was observed, as determined by decreased skin inflammation, reduced number of inflammatory cytokines, and a smaller population of inflammatory cells. These results contribute to the validation of the use of MEDD in the treatment of psoriasis.

16Effects of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., root bark on ICAM-1 expression and chemokine productions in vivo and vitro study.PubMed

Hye-Yeon Han, Mi Heon Ryu, Guemsan Lee, et al.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 Jan 15;159:245-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.020. Epub 2014 Nov 20.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., family Rutaceae is a well known anti-inflammatory agent for skin diseases such as eczema, pruritus and urticaria in Eastern countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the effects of methanol extract of Dictamnus dasycarpus root bark (MEDD) on Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression, epidermal hyperplasia and immune cell infiltration in 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced contact dermatitis (CD) mice. We also investigated its effects on the expression of ICAM-1, binding capacity to THP-1 cells, cytokine and chemokine production, and phosphorylation of NF-κB in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). RESULTS: Topical application of MEDD effectively inhibited ICAM-1 expression and epidermal hyperplasia in inflamed tissues. MEDD treatment also inhibited immune cell infiltration induced by DNFB. In addition, treatment with MEDD reduced surface expression and total amount of ICAM-1in HaCaT cells and effectively lowered the capacity to bind to THP-1 cells. MEDD also lowered the levels of IL-6, IL-8, monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES). Finally, MEDD treatment prevented activation of the NF-κB pathway induced by TNF-α in HaCaT cells. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus has the potential for treatment of inflammatory skin diseases as a complementary or alternative medicine to corticosteroids. In addition, they suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of Dictamnus dasycarpus on CD are involved in the regulation of ICAM-1 expression and cytokine and chemokine secretion through down-regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in keratinocytes.

17Anti-inflammatory activities of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., root bark on allergic contact dermatitis induced by dinitrofluorobenzene in mice.PubMed

Hyungwoo Kim, Miyoung Kim, Hanna Kim, et al.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2013 Sep 16;149(2):471-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.055. Epub 2013 Jul 10.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. is widely used as a medicinal herb for treatment of skin diseases such as eczema, pruritus and urticaria in China, Japan and Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the effects of methanol extract of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., root bark (MEDD) on ear thickness, ear weights, histopathological changes such as hyperplasia, edema, spongiosis and immune cell infiltration and cytokine productions in 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced contact dermatitis (CD) mice. We also investigated its effects on degranulation of histamine and β-hexosaminidase and related mechanisms using RBL-2H3 cells. RESULTS: Topical application of MEDD effectively inhibited enlargement of ear thickness and weight (P<0.05). MEDD treatment also inhibited hyperplasia, edema and spongiosis induced by DNFB. Treatment with 300 μg/ear of MEDD suppressed the increase in IFN-γ and TNF-α levels (P<0.05). In addition, treatment with >50 μg/mL MEDD reduced the level of β-hexosaminidase release, while >100 μg/mL MEDD lowered the level of histamine release in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Finally, MEDD treatment prevented phosphorylation of p38 MAPK induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and calcium ionophore A23187 in RBL-2H3 cells. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. has the potential for use in the treatment of allergic skin diseases. Furthermore, they suggest that root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. is involved in decreasing degranulation of MCs via inhibition of the p38 MAPK pathway as well as in the inhibition of Th1 skewing reactions.

18Effects of a Dictamnus dasycarpus T. extract on allergic models in mice.PubMed

Shuishi Jiang, Yoshiyuki Nakano, Mohamed Ashequr Rahman, et al.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2008 Mar;72(3):660-5. doi: 10.1271/bbb.70050. Epub 2008 Mar 7.
The anti-allergic effect of a 70% ethanol extract from Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz (DDT) was studied in mice. DDT at doses of 200 and 500 mg/kg inhibited the systemic anaphylactic shock induced by compound 48/80 in a dose-dependent manner. It also inhibited dose-dependently the scratching behavior induced by compound 48/80, histamine and serotonin. An increase in the vascular permeability induced by compound 48/80, histamine and serotonin was also inhibited by DDT. In an in vitro study, DDT inhibited the histamine released from rat peritoneal mast cells induced by compound 48/80. It seems likely from these findings that DDT was effective in antagonizing certain pharmacological effects induced by compound 48/80 that occurred via both histamine and serotonin released from mast cells. In conclusion, DDT may be effective in the relief of symptoms of allergic atopic dermatitis and other allergy-related diseases.

19INDIVIDUAL ARTICLE: Etiology, Treatment Challenges, and the Role of Scalp and Haircare in Managing Dandruff.PubMed

Maria Hordinsky, Anneke Andriessen, Doris Day, et al.
J Drugs Dermatol. 2025 Feb 1;24(2):s8-s14. doi: 10.36849/JDD.32712.
Dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis are associated with a disrupted scalp barrier that contributes to irritation, pruritus, and flaking of the scalp. The flaking and itch associated with dandruff can significantly impact an individual's self-esteem and quality of life. While the exact pathogenesis of dandruff is still not completely understood, scalp barrier health and its microbiome are thought to play significant roles in disease propagation. Five expert dermatologists with extensive experience in hair, dandruff, and seborrheic dermatitis were selected to participate in discussions that would result in five consensus statements focused on scalp barrier health and dandruff. Results of a systematic literature search and expert panel discussion are presented. These consensus statements aim to reflect expert opinions on the current understanding of scalp health in the context of dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. The panel addressed challenges to promote scalp health, improve patient comfort, and prevent flares during dandruff management and maintenance. The presented consensus statements urge reframing our current understanding of dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis treatment by refocusing attention on global scalp and hair health. J Drugs Dermatol. 2025;24:2(Suppl 1):s8-14.

20Common Skin Conditions in Children and Adolescents: Atopic and Seborrheic Dermatitis.PubMed

Mengyi Zha, Richard Usatine
FP Essent. 2024 Jun;541:27-38.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, recurring, inflammatory skin condition. Xerosis, pruritus, and rash make the clinical diagnosis. Adequate skin care and regular emollient use are key in management. Topical corticosteroids are the first-line treatment for AD flare-ups. Wet wrap therapy can improve AD severity and extent. Topical calcineurin inhibitors are second-line treatments. Emollient use, topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors, and bleach baths can help prevent flare-ups. Patients with refractory AD that might require immunomodulatory treatments, such as dupilumab (Dupixent), Janus kinase inhibitors, or phototherapy, should be referred to a dermatologist. Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common, chronic, relapsing, inflammatory condition that involves sebaceous skin areas. Infection with species and the inflammatory response to it are the probable etiologies. The clinical diagnosis is made by the presence of hallmark greasy, yellow scales on the scalp or face. Infantile SD most commonly involves the scalp and forehead and typically is self-limited. In infants, application of emollients followed by hair brushing and shampooing may be effective. In infants and children, if the condition does not improve with this treatment, topical ketoconazole shampoo, gel, or lotion is safe and effective. Refractory cases of SD can be managed with topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors.

21Shampoos: ingredients, efficacy and adverse effects.PubMed

Ralph M Trüeb
J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2007 May;5(5):356-65. doi: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2007.06304.x.
Shampoos are the most frequently prescribed treatment for the hair and scalp. The different qualities demanded from a shampoo go beyond cleansing. A cosmetic benefit is expected, and the shampoo has to be tailored to variations associated with hair quality, age, hair care habits, and specific problems related to the condition of the scalp. The reciprocal relationship between cosmetic technology and medical therapy is reflected in the advances of shampoo formulation that has made applications possible that combine benefits of cosmetic hair care products with efficacy of medicinal products. A shampoo is composed of 10 to 30 ingredients: cleansing agents (surfactants), conditioning agents, special care ingredients, and additives. Since the cleansing activity depends on the type and amount of surfactants utilized, shampoos are composed of a blend of different surfactants, depending on the requirements of the individual hair type. Development time from the concept to the commercial shampoo may take longer than a year. Much effort is invested in the development of conditioning agents, which impart luster, smoothness, volume and buoyancy. Another prerequisite is a scalp free of scaling. Current anti-dandruff agents primarily have an antimicrobial mode of action, and inhibit growth of Malassezia spp. Recent developments in shampoo technology have led to increased efficacy of anti-dandruff agents, allowing shorter contact time, and reducing irritation.

22The additional effect of 5% atorvastatin shampoo in the treatment of adult patients with mild to moderate seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp: A prospective, randomised, double-blind trial.PubMed

Farhad Miri, Masoumeh Sadeghi, Mohammadreza Abbaspour, et al.
Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2025 Mar-Apr;91(2):222-225. doi: 10.25259/IJDVL_245_2024.
Background Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a long-lasting inflammatory skin condition that predominantly impacts regions abundant in sebaceous glands, including the scalp. Objectives To assess the efficacy and anti-inflammatory effect of atorvastatin as an additive treatment among SD patients. Methods In a prospective, randomised, double-blind trial, 46 patients over 18 years old with mild to moderate scalp SD were randomly assigned to receive either 2% ketoconazole shampoo or 2% ketoconazole shampoo plus 5% atorvastatin. The severity of dermatitis was assessed based on the symptom scale of seborrheic dermatitis (SSSD), and the variables of erythema, scaling, and itching, at baseline and 4 weeks after the intervention. Results Based on our analyses, both treatment methods significantly reduced the SSSD scores. However, the average SSSD score in patients using ketoconazole shampoo plus atorvastatin decreased by an average of five points after 1 month. This reduction was comparable to the average decline of 3.5 points observed in the group using ketoconazole shampoo alone. Specifically, the severity of dermatitis, as assessed by the SSSD score, significantly decreased by 1.92 points more, in individuals using the atorvastatin-containing shampoo compared to the comparison group (P = 0.02). Limitation This research was conducted at a single centre which limits the validity of the findings. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that shampoo containing atorvastatin provides a statistically significant effect compared to ketoconazole shampoo alone, indicating its potential as an alternative treatment for SD. The treatment notably alleviates symptoms associated with scaling and itching which are the common manifestations of the condition.

23Effectiveness and tolerance of medicated shampoo containing selenium sulfide and salicylic acid in patients with seborrheic dermatitis.PubMed

Lei Wang, Huijuan Liu, Nuo Li, et al.
J Dermatolog Treat. 2025 Dec;36(1):2506676. doi: 10.1080/09546634.2025.2506676. Epub 2025 May 27.
PURPOSE: This study assessed the effectiveness and tolerance of a medicated shampoo containing selenium sulfide and salicylic acid in seborrheic dermatitis patients, examining gender-based efficacy differences. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 560 seborrheic dermatitis patients from Chinese hospitals used the medicated shampoo for approximately 21 days. Patients self-rated scalp and hair conditions before and after treatment, with scores ≥4 defined as good effectiveness/tolerance. RESULTS: Among participants (median age 30, 41.6% male), significant improvements occurred in dandruff, scalp redness, itching, and greasiness (all < .001). Females demonstrated lower rates of good effectiveness (87.5% vs. 93.6%) and tolerance (93.9% vs. 99.6%; = .018) than males. After adjustment, females had higher odds of poorer effectiveness (OR: 0.447, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.230-0.835; = .009) and tolerance (OR: 0.066, 95% CI: 0.004-0.326; = .009). CONCLUSIONS: Females also showed less improvement in oily hair, hair quality, and hair loss compared to males. The medicated shampoo effectively reduced seborrheic dermatitis symptoms, with better outcomes in males, suggesting gender may influence treatment response.

24Maintenance effect of a once-weekly regimen of a Selenium Disulfide-based shampoo in moderate-to-severe scalp seborrheic dermatitis after initial treatment with topical corticosteroid/salicylic acid.PubMed

Philippe Massiot, Pascal Reygagne, Corinne Chagnoleau, et al.
Eur J Dermatol. 2023 Mar 1;33(S1):13-18. doi: 10.1684/ejd.2023.4401.
INTRODUCTION: Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory disorder of the head and trunk. OBJECTIVES: To explore the potential of a 1% Selenium disulphide (SeS2)-based shampoo to prevent relapses of scalp SD (SSD) following corticosteroid/salicylic acid (TCS/SA) treatment. MATERIALS & METHODS: After a 2-week treatment with TCS/SA, adult patients with moderate-to-severe SSD received either the SeS2-based shampoo or its vehicle for eight weeks in a randomized, double-blinded fashion. Visits took place at baseline, weeks 2, 6 and 10. SSD severity was assessed based on erythema, flakes and pruritus; patients assessed the severity of pruritus. Global investigator and patient satisfaction were assessed at week 10. RESULTS: Forty-eight adults were included. After four and eight weeks of post TCS/SA maintenance regimen, 8.1% and 16.7% in the SeS2, and 41.7% and 54.2% in the vehicle group relapsed, respectively. First median time-to-relapse in the vehicle group was 56 days; this was not reached for SeS2. After two weeks of TCS/SA, the prevalence of patients with no pruritus was 29.2% in the SeS2 group, and 41.7% in the vehicle group; it increased to 76.2% with SeS2 and to 57.1% with the vehicle at the end of the study. The clinical benefit of treatment with TCS/SCA was maintained in the SeS2 group only. Investigators and patients were highly satisfied with the efficacy of SeS2. Tolerance to SeS2 was excellent, with no reported adverse events. CONCLUSION: The SeS2-based shampoo significantly reduces the time-to-relapse of moderate-to-severe SSD flares. Its tolerance was excellent, with no reported adverse events.

25Psychological Interventions for the Treatment of Patients with Chronic Dermatoses: A Systematic Literature Review.PubMed

Vera Almeida, Ângela Ferreira, Ana Veloso, et al.
Healthcare (Basel). 2025 Nov 17;13(22):2947. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13222947.
Chronic dermatoses are extremely prevalent and can manifest in various forms across genders and ages. Faced with the symptoms experienced by these conditions and the patient's perception of the disease and its manifestation, it often leads to isolation and difficulty in emotional regulation. All these symptoms are associated with low quality of life, resulting in depressive and anxious symptomatology. This systematic literature review aims to study psychosocial interventions with an impact on the treatment of patients with chronic dermatoses. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, guiding a systematic search across PubMed, Google Scholar, and PsycNet databases. The considered studies reported the impact of interventions when applied to patients with chronic dermatoses. All the studies found were published in peer-reviewed journals. The analysis revealed that interventions based on mindfulness, self-compassion, and self-help showed promise, with several studies reporting reductions in disease-related suffering and improvements in quality of life. However, the results were heterogeneous, with some interventions showing no significant benefit over control conditions for specific outcomes like anxiety or appearance-related distress. The development of research lines to enhance knowledge in this field will allow for significant improvements in therapeutic care for patients with chronic dermatoses, aiming to support professionals in the development of integrative therapeutic strategies for these patients in their clinical practice.

26Efficacy of the integrative Body-Mind-Spirit group intervention for improving quality of life in parent-child dyads adjusting to atopic dermatitis: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.PubMed

Victoria Ka Ying Hui, Celia Hoi Yan Chan, Yat Lui Fung, et al.
BMJ Open. 2022 Mar 16;12(3):e059150. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059150.
INTRODUCTION: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common childhood inflammatory skin problem affecting 15%-30% of children. Although AD adversely impacts the psychosocial well-being of children and their parent caregivers, parents' psychosocial well-being is seldom mentioned in most non-pharmacological education programmes. A family-based psychosocial intervention, Integrative Body-Mind-Spirit (I-BMS) intervention, is examined. This study compares the efficacy of two versions of the I-BMS intervention (one delivered to both parents and children; one delivered to parents only) with a health education active control (delivered to parents only) in promoting adaptive emotional regulation and quality of life of children with AD and their parent caregivers. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a three-arm, with equal randomisation, parallel randomised controlled trial. 192 parent-child dyads will be recruited through hospitals and non-governmental organisations in Hong Kong. Each dyad will complete an individual pre-group screening interview. Eligible dyads will be randomised in a ratio of 1:1:1 into one of the three arms. Each arm consists of six weekly sessions. A computer-generated list of random numbers will be used to perform randomisation. The primary outcomes are quality of life and emotional regulation. Assessments are administered at baseline, post-intervention and 6-week follow-up. Mixed factorial Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVAs) based on intention-to-treat principle will be conducted to examine the efficacy of the two I-BMS interventions. Structural equation modelling will be conducted to examine the parent-child interdependent effects of intervention. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of Hong Kong (EA2001001) and the Institutional Review Board of the Hospital Authority of Hong Kong (UW 21-400, KC/KE-20-0360/FR-2, NTEC-2021-0408). Consent will be sought from participating parents and children. Parental consent for child participants will also be obtained. Findings will be presented in peer-reviewed journals and at conferences in medical dermatology, paediatrics and social work. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04617977).