检索问题
养生教程（100字就好）
养生教程可以从以下几个方面进行构建：
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饮食调理：选择低脂、高纤维的食物，如 fruits 和 vegetables，以增强免疫力和促进消化。定期饮水，保持身体水分。
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锻炼身体：每周至少进行150分钟的中等强度锻炼，如快走、游泳或骑自行车，提高心肺健康和增强肌肉力量。
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心理调适：通过冥想、瑜伽等方式减轻压力，增强心理健康。
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定期体检：根据自身健康状况，定期进行身体检查，早发现、早治疗潜在健康问题。
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良好的作息：确保充足的睡眠（每晚7-9小时），提高免疫系统功能和总体健康水平。
这种综合性的方法能提高生活质量，有助于预防和管理慢性疾病。
References
1Self-management education: history, definition, outcomes, and mechanisms.PubMed
Kate R Lorig, Halsted Holman
Ann Behav Med. 2003 Aug;26(1):1-7. doi: 10.1207/S15324796ABM2601_01.
Self-management has become a popular term for behavioral interventions as well as for healthful behaviors. This is especially true for the management of chronic conditions. This article offers a short history of self-management. It presents three self-management tasks--medical management, role management, and emotional management--and six self-management skills--problem solving, decision making, resource utilization, the formation of a patient-provider partnership, action planning, and self-tailoring. In addition, the article presents evidence of the effectiveness of self-management interventions and posits a possible mechanism, self-efficacy, through which these interventions work. In conclusion the article discusses problems and solutions for integrating self-management education into the mainstream health care systems.
2Role of female intimate hygiene in vulvovaginal health: Global hygiene practices and product usage.PubMed
Ying Chen, Elizabeth Bruning, Joseph Rubino, et al.
Womens Health (Lond). 2017 Dec;13(3):58-67. doi: 10.1177/1745505717731011. Epub 2017 Sep 22.
Women use various feminine hygiene products, often as part of their daily cleansing routine; however, there is a paucity of published medical literature related to the external vulva and how personal hygiene practices can affect it. This review article provides background information on the physiological changes that occur during women's lives and reviews the relevance of transient and resident microbiota as they relate to common vaginal and vulvar disorders. It also discusses the need for female intimate hygiene, common practices of feminine hygiene from a global perspective, and the potential benefits of using suitable external, topical feminine vulvar washes to minimize the risk of vulvovaginal disorders and to improve overall intimate health in women around the world. Supported by international guidelines, daily gentle cleansing of the vulva is an important aspect of feminine hygiene and overall intimate health. Women should be encouraged to choose a carefully formulated and clinically tested external wash that provides targeted antimicrobial and other health benefits without negatively impacting on the natural vulvovaginal microbiota.
3Effectiveness of health education in the self-care and adherence of patients with heart failure: a meta-analysis.PubMed
Juliana de Melo Vellozo Pereira Tinoco, Lyvia da Silva Figueiredo, Paula Vanessa Peclat Flores, et al.
Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2021 Jul 19;29:e3389. doi: 10.1590/1518.8345.4281.3389. eCollection 2021.
OBJECTIVE: to evaluate in the literature the effectiveness of the health education interventions in self-care and adherence to treatment of patients with Chronic Heart Failure. METHOD: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Studies were selected that compared health education interventions with the usual care to assess the outcomes of adherence and self-care. The quality of the methodological evidence was assessed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. RESULTS: the educational interventions were more effective in relation to the usual care in the outcome of adherence (fixed effect=0-3841; p-value <0.001). There was no statistical difference in the outcome of self-care (fixed effect=0.0063; p-value=0.898). CONCLUSION: the educational interventions improved the outcome of adherence, though not self-care in the patient with Heart Failure.
4Influence of Health Education on Podiatric Knowledge, Self-care, and Conditions in Adults With Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review.PubMed
Paula Fernández-León, Inmaculada C Palomo-Toucedo, Lidia Carvajal-Moreno, et al.
Adv Skin Wound Care. 2022 Dec 1;35(12):675-679. doi: 10.1097/01.ASW.0000884328.49506.7a. Epub 2022 Oct 1.
OBJECTIVE: To determine if health education has an influence on podiatric knowledge, self-care, and conditions in adults with diabetes mellitus. DATA SOURCES: The authors conducted a literature search for Spanish-, English-, and Portuguese-language publications using PubMed, Scopus, Dialnet, and CUIDEN. STUDY SELECTION: Selected keywords related to diabetes, health education, (diabetic) foot, and self-care were searched, and the titles, abstracts, and relevant full-text articles were screened. Thirteen studies were selected with a total of 1,296 participants. Four were randomized controlled trials, and nine were quasi-experimental studies. DATA EXTRACTION: Data pertaining to preventive intervention and study outcomes were extracted. DATA SYNTHESIS: The preventive interventions used varied from traditional educational workshops and one-on-one patient education to new technological strategies. Three different outcomes were evaluated in each study: podiatric knowledge (n = 4), foot self-care (n = 13), and foot problems (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS: Health education interventions increase podiatric self-care in adults with diabetes mellitus. These interventions appear to contribute positively to foot health and podiatric knowledge.
5Non-pharmacological cognitive enhancement.PubMed
Martin Dresler, Anders Sandberg, Kathrin Ohla, et al.
Neuropharmacology. 2013 Jan;64:529-43. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.07.002. Epub 2012 Jul 22.
The term "cognitive enhancement" usually characterizes interventions in humans that aim to improve mental functioning beyond what is necessary to sustain or restore good health. While the current bioethical debate mainly concentrates on pharmaceuticals, according to the given characterization, cognitive enhancement also by non-pharmacological means has to be regarded as enhancement proper. Here we summarize empirical data on approaches using nutrition, physical exercise, sleep, meditation, mnemonic strategies, computer training, and brain stimulation for enhancing cognitive capabilities. Several of these non-pharmacological enhancement strategies seem to be more efficacious compared to currently available pharmaceuticals usually coined as cognitive enhancers. While many ethical arguments of the cognitive enhancement debate apply to both pharmacological and non-pharmacological enhancers, some of them appear in new light when considered on the background of non-pharmacological enhancement. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Cognitive Enhancers'.
6Health education programmes to improve foot self-care practices and foot problems among older people with diabetes: a systematic review.PubMed
Siti Khuzaimah Ahmad Sharoni, Halimatus Sakdiah Minhat, Nor Afiah Mohd Zulkefli, et al.
Int J Older People Nurs. 2016 Sep;11(3):214-39. doi: 10.1111/opn.12112. Epub 2016 Feb 25.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of health education programmes to improve foot self-care practices and foot problems among older people with diabetes. BACKGROUND: The complications of diabetes among older people are a major health concern. Foot problems such as neuropathy, ulcer and ultimately amputation are a great burden on older people with diabetes. Diabetes foot education programmes can influence the behaviour of older people in practising foot self-care and controlling the foot problems. However, the educational approaches used by the educators are different. Therefore, it is important to assess the education programmes from various evidence-based practices. DESIGN: Six databases, EBSCOhost medical collections (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection), SAGE, Wiley Online Library, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink and Web of Science, were used to search for articles published from January 2000 to March 2015. The search was based on the inclusion criteria and keywords including 'foot', 'care' and 'diabetes'. Fourteen studies were assessed and reviewed in the final stage. CONCLUSIONS: Health education programmes varied according to their design, setting, approach, outcome measured and results. Foot assessment, verbal and written instructions and discussion were proved to improve the foot self-care and foot problems. Subsequent follow-ups and evaluations had a significant effect. An improvement was observed in foot self-care scores and foot problems (such as neuropathy, foot disability, lesion, ulcer, tinea pedis and callus grade) after implementation of the health education programme. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The findings of this study support the claim that a health education programme increases the foot self-care scores and reduces the foot problems. However, there were certain methodological concerns in the reviewed articles, indicating the need for further evaluation. In future, researchers and practitioners must implement a vigorous education programme focusing on diabetes foot self-care among the older population.
7Relationship Among Diabetes Distress, Health Literacy, Diabetes Education, Patient-Provider Communication and Diabetes Self-Care.PubMed
Ranjita Misra, Megan M Adelman, Brenna Kirk, et al.
Am J Health Behav. 2022 Oct 17;46(5):528-540. doi: 10.5993/AJHB.46.5.4.
OBJECTIVES: Mechanisms underlying relationships among patients' health literacy, diabetes distress, diabetes education, and provider counseling for self-care of chronic conditions are unclear. This study tested these relationships using SEM with adult patients with comorbid diabetes and hypertension in rural WV. METHODS: Ninety-one participants of a 12-week self-management program reported on diabetes self-care (diet, exercise, blood glucose (BG) monitoring) and related provider counseling. RESULTS: Based on patient report, providers' recommendations included following a low-fat diet, eating fruits/ vegetables, limiting sweets, a daily low-level of exercise and/or exercise ≥20 minutes three times/week, and BG monitoring. Provider recommendations were shown to be associated with patients' self-care behaviors (r=0.22, p<0.05). Multiple factors directly influenced provider recommendations: diabetes distress, health literacy, and family history of diabetes. A positive association was also noted between prior diabetes education and provider recommendations and diabetes self-care (r=0.44, p<0.001). A negative association was noted between diabetes distress and self-care, but a positive effect on provider recommendations was found. The model demonstrated good fit [CFI=0.94, and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) =0.05]. CONCLUSIONS: To enhance diabetes self-care, providers should consistently provide education on self-care behaviors as well as partner with them to address diabetes distress.
8Self-Management Micro-Video Health Education Program for Hemodialysis Patients.PubMed
Qingli Ren, Suhua Shi, Chen Yan, et al.
Clin Nurs Res. 2022 Jul;31(6):1148-1157. doi: 10.1177/10547738211033922. Epub 2021 Jul 20.
Self-management in hemodialysis patients is critical for optimal health outcomes. This study aimed to examine the effects of a theory-based micro-video health education program on the improvement of self-management, hemodialysis knowledge, and self-efficacy in hemodialysis patients. This quasi-experimental study employed a two group, pre- and post-test design. The sample was 80 hemodialysis patients from a dialysis center. The participants were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive routine care or a 3-month micro-video health education program. Between-group comparison showed that patients in the intervention group had significantly greater improvement in hemodialysis knowledge than those in the control group ( < .05). However, no significant group differences were observed in terms of self-management and self-efficacy. Within-group comparison showed that the overall self-management level of patients in both groups improved significantly, particularly in problem-solving skills and self-care dimensions. Therefore, micro-video health education can improve the self-management and hemodialysis knowledge in Chinese patients undergoing hemodialysis. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with study number (ChiCTR1800018172; http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx).
9Health-Literacy-Sensitive Diabetes Self-Management Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.PubMed
Su Hyun Kim, Anna Lee
Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2016 Aug;13(4):324-33. doi: 10.1111/wvn.12157. Epub 2016 Apr 22.
BACKGROUND: Low health literacy is a potential barrier to self-management among patients with diabetes. A variety of strategies for low health literacy have been proposed for diabetes self-management interventions, but interventions accommodating low health literacy have been heterogeneous in terms of content and have produced mixed results. AIM: To systematically review health-literacy-sensitive diabetes management interventions, with a focus on identifying strategies for accommodating patients with low health literacy, and to examine the efficacy of these interventions to improve health outcomes. METHODS: PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE were searched for intervention studies published between January 2000 and January 2015. Two authors separately identified full-texts according to the inclusion criteria and assessed study quality using the quantitative components of the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The final list of studies to be analyzed was made through discussion. The meta-analysis was conducted using a random effects model. RESULTS: Thirteen studies were selected from the 490 studies found in our initial search. We identified a range of strategies for accommodating those with low health literacy in diabetes self-management interventions, which encompassed four domains: written communication, spoken communication, empowerment, and language/cultural consideration. Using at least one of the spoken communication strategies led to positive cognitive/psychological, self-care, and health outcomes. We found that, overall, health-literacy-sensitive diabetes management interventions were effective in reducing HbA1C level in the meta-analysis. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: Healthcare providers should consider active implementation of strategies for accommodating people with low health literacy in diabetes self-management interventions. The routine use of spoken communication strategies would be necessary to achieve the best health outcomes in diabetes self-management interventions. More research is needed to determine the individual effects of the key strategies that improve health and reduce health disparity.
10Self-care support in paediatric patients with type 1 diabetes: bridging the gap between patient education and health promotion? A review.PubMed
Julie Pelicand, Cécile Fournier, Anne Le Rhun, et al.
Health Expect. 2015 Jun;18(3):303-11. doi: 10.1111/hex.12041. Epub 2013 Jan 14.
BACKGROUND: This study examines how the term 'self-care' imported from health promotion has been used in the context of patient education interventions for paediatric patients with type 1 diabetes. METHODS: Thirty articles over the last decade were analysed, using a qualitative method of thematic coding and categorizing. RESULTS: The term 'self-care' has been mainly used as a synonym for self-management of one's condition and treatment. Indeed, the activities performed by paediatric patients independently or with the help of their parents under the term 'self-care' fail to explicitly take into account the general health and life dimensions of self-care, as defined in health promotion. Although such dimensions are implicitly present when it comes to define the parents' and health-care providers' roles in supporting the children's emerging self-care capacity, their importance is acknowledged as a way of strengthening the children's and their families' capacity to respond to illness demands, rather than in relation to their general well-being. CONCLUSION: The discourse on self-care in the field of paediatric diabetes therefore appears to be oriented more towards disease and prevention, rather than health promotion. The psychosocial dimension of self-care should be particularly investigated, as young patients need to be supported in their efforts to gain autonomy not only in relation to the management of their condition, but in their lives in general.