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  3. 近5年在食管癌手术胃和食管颈部吻合中应用分层套叠吻合技术的相关研究

近5年在食管癌手术胃和食管颈部吻合中应用分层套叠吻合技术的相关研究

文献检索用户0440发表于 2026年04月23日 11:0414阅读
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近5年在食管癌手术胃和食管颈部吻合中应用分层套叠吻合技术的相关研究

在过去五年中,关于食管癌手术中胃和食管颈部吻合应用分层套叠吻合技术的研究主要集中在评估其在降低吻合口并发症(如吻合口漏和吻合口狭窄)方面的有效性,以及对手术时间、术后恢复和患者预后的影响。以下是对相关研究的详细总结:

1. 分层套叠吻合技术概述与研究背景

食管癌(EC)的治疗中,食管切除术(Esophagectomy)是关键环节,而颈部吻合口漏(Anastomotic Leak, AL)是术后最严重的并发症之一,显著影响患者的预后和生活质量。尽管机械吻合和手动吻合都已广泛应用,但吻合口漏的发生率仍然较高。因此,持续改进吻合技术以降低并发症是食管癌手术领域的重要研究方向。分层套叠吻合技术作为一种改进的手工吻合方式,旨在通过精细的组织对合和多层缝合来增强吻合口的牢固性和血供,从而减少吻合口并发症的发生。

2. 分层套叠吻合技术的具体应用方法

  • 改良分层手工颈部端侧吻合(Modified layered hand-sewn cervical end-to-side anastomosis):

    • 手术流程:该技术应用于微创 McKeown 食管切除术(MIE McKeown)中的颈部吻合。MIE McKeown 是一种广泛用于治疗食管癌的方法。
    • 特点:研究回顾性分析了2016年6月至2020年6月期间508例食管癌患者的数据,这些患者均采用了此种改良的分层手工颈部端侧吻合技术。
    • 结果:该研究报告的吻合口漏发生率为2.0%,术后狭窄率为6.9%,其他术后并发症的发生率低于9.3%。平均手术时间约为211.0分钟,术后平均住院时间为9.1天。
    • 结论:该研究认为,这种改良的分层手工颈部端侧吻合是一种安全有效的方法,吻合口漏、吻合口狭窄和其他术后并发症的发生率较低。
  • 手动分层插入吻合技术(Manual layered insertion anastomosis technique):

    • 手术流程:该技术涉及胸腔镜下食管松解、纵隔淋巴结清扫、腹腔镜下胃松解并将其塑形为胃管。然后将胃管引导至颈部进行吻合。首先在颈部重塑后壁吻合口以实现最佳插入,然后对胃管进行分层缝合。前壁随后被缝合并重新放置到胸腔中。
    • 研究对象:一项回顾性分析对2020年9月至2021年12月期间采用该技术的56名患者(51名男性,5名女性,平均年龄65.4岁)进行了研究,其中9名患者接受了新辅助治疗。所有患者均接受了微创食管切除术。
    • 手术参数:平均术中失血量为79.8 mL,平均手术时间为331分钟,平均6.3天后恢复进食。
    • 结果:该研究报告未出现吻合口漏,与以往研究相比,吻合口狭窄和胃酸反流的发生率有所降低。
    • 结论:研究认为手动分层插入吻合技术可能减少吻合口漏及相关并发症,提高食管切除术的有效性,从而改善术后结果和患者生活质量,提示该方法可能适用于更广泛的临床应用。

3. 与其他吻合技术的比较

一项研究对比了颈部管型吻合器在食管癌内镜手术中的应用,将其与分层吻合(layered anastomosis)进行了比较。

  • 研究方法:该回顾性分析纳入了2019年5月至2022年10月期间在恩施土家族苗族自治州中心医院接受食管癌内镜手术的82例患者。其中42例患者采用颈部管型吻合器进行吻合(A组),另外40例患者采用分层吻合(B组)。研究记录了手术时间(OT)、颈部出血量、首次术后活动时间、术后口服进食时间、住院时间等参数。疼痛评估采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)在术前和术后12h、24h、48h进行。还评估了术后并发症、体重、血红蛋白(Hb)、白蛋白(ALB)水平变化以及通过SF-36量表评估的患者生活质量。
  • 结果:
    • A组(管型吻合器)在手术时间、颈部出血量、术后12h和24h的VAS评分以及术后并发症发生率方面显著低于B组(分层吻合),从而加速了术后康复(P < 0.05)。
    • 然而,两组在术后体重、Hb和ALB水平以及SF-36评分方面没有统计学上的显著差异(P > 0.05)。
  • 结论:该研究认为,在食管癌内镜手术中使用颈部管型吻合器可以加速术后康复,而不会对术后营养状况和生活质量产生不利影响。
    • 需要注意的是:这项研究中的“分层吻合”(layered anastomosis)与上述研究中描述的“分层套叠吻合”在具体技术细节上可能存在差异,但都属于手工分层缝合的范畴。此研究结果表明,在某些方面,吻合器吻合可能比传统的分层手工吻合(layered anastomosis)更具优势,例如缩短手术时间、减少出血和疼痛,并加速早期康复。然而,这并不直接否定分层套叠吻合技术在减少吻合口并发症方面的优势,因为其主要目的可能在于提高吻合口的生物学安全性。

4. 总结与展望

近五年的研究表明,分层套叠吻合技术在食管癌胃食管颈部吻合中展现出良好的应用前景,尤其是在降低吻合口漏和吻合口狭窄等严重并发症方面。

  • 低并发症率:例如,一项研究报告的吻合口漏发生率仅为2.0%,术后狭窄率为6.9%。另一项研究甚至报告了0%的吻合口漏发生率,并且减少了吻合口狭窄和胃酸反流的发生率。这些数据支持了分层套叠吻合技术在提高吻合口安全性方面的潜力。
  • 术后恢复:这些技术能够实现相对较快的手术时间和术后恢复(例如,平均术后住院时间为9.1天,平均6.3天恢复进食)。
  • 技术细节差异:需要注意的是,不同研究中提到的“分层套叠吻合”可能在具体操作细节上有所不同,例如“改良分层手工颈部端侧吻合”和“手动分层插入吻合技术”。这些技术都强调多层缝合和精细的组织对合,以优化吻合口的愈合。
  • 未来方向:尽管现有研究结果积极,但大多数研究是回顾性分析,样本量相对有限(例如508例和56例)。未来需要更大规模、多中心、前瞻性的随机对照研究,以进一步验证这些分层套叠吻合技术的长期疗效、安全性和与其他吻合技术(包括吻合器吻合)的比较优势。此外,对不同分层套叠吻合技术的标准化和推广,以及对患者生活质量和远期肿瘤学结局的深入评估,也是未来研究的重要方向。

综上所述,分层套叠吻合技术在食管癌手术中的胃食管颈部吻合中显示出显著的优势,尤其是在降低吻合口并发症方面,有望为患者带来更好的术后结果和生活质量。

References

1Modified layered hand-sewn cervical end-to-side anastomosis for minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy.PubMed

Liang Cheng, Siqi Fu, Junhong Liu, et al.
J Surg Oncol. 2021 Dec;124(7):1031-1039. doi: 10.1002/jso.26622. Epub 2021 Jul 26.
BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy (MIE McKeown) with cervical anastomosis is a widely used approach for the treatment of esophageal cancer (EC). Anastomotic leak is one of the most serious complications following esophagectomy. This study aimed to summarize the anastomosis procedure and assess the clinical outcomes of our modified layered hand-sewn cervical end-to-side anastomosis for cervical anastomosis during MIE McKeown. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed clinical data of 508 consecutive EC patients who underwent MIE McKeown using the modified layered hand-sewn cervical end-to-side anastomosis between June 2016 and June 2020. RESULTS: The incidence of anastomotic leakage in our cohort was 2.0%. The postoperative stricture rate was 6.9% and the incidence of other postoperative complications was less than 9.3%. The mean time for setting up MIE McKeown was approximately 211.0 min and the average duration of postoperative hospital stay was 9.1 days. CONCLUSION: This modified layered hand-sewn cervical end-to-side anastomosis is a safe and effective method for MIE McKeown with a low incidence of anastomotic leakage, anastomotic stricture, or other postoperative complications.

2Redefining Esophagectomy: The Manual Layered Insertion Method That May Reduce Anastomotic Leakage.PubMed

Xuedong He, Tianqin Mao, Lin Peng, et al.
J Surg Res. 2024 Apr;296:182-188. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.12.027. Epub 2024 Jan 26.
INTRODUCTION: Anastomotic leakage post-esophagectomy remains a significant challenge. Despite the use of both mechanical and manual anastomosis, leakage rates remain high. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the manual layered insertion anastomosis technique in addressing this issue. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent this technique from September 2020 to December 2021. The process involved thoracoscopic release of the esophagus, mediastinal lymph node dissection, laparoscopic stomach release, and its transformation into a tube. The latter was then guided to the neck for anastomosis. The posterior anastomotic wall was reshaped in the neck first for optimal insertion, followed by layered suturing with the gastric conduit. The anterior wall was subsequently sutured and repositioned into the chest. RESULTS: The study included 56 patients (51 men, five women, mean age 65.4 y), with nine having undergone neoadjuvant therapy. All received minimally invasive esophagectomy. Average intraoperative blood loss was 79.8 mL, operation time averaged 331 min, and feeding resumed after an average of 6.3 d. No anastomotic leakages were reported, with reduced incidences of anastomotic stenosis and gastric acid reflux compared to previous studies. CONCLUSIONS: The manual layered insertion anastomosis technique may reduce anastomotic leakage and associated complications, improving the efficacy of esophagectomy, which may improve postoperative results and patient quality of life, suggesting the method's potential suitability for wider clinical application.

3Advantages And Disadvantages of Cervical Tube-Type Anastomat in Endoscopic Surgery for Esophageal Carcinoma.PubMed

Longmin Xiao, Anqi Wang, Wenjian Han
Altern Ther Health Med. 2023 Oct;29(7):166-171.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the use of cervical tube-type anastomat in endoscopic surgery for esophageal carcinoma (EC) by exploring its advantages and disadvantages. The findings contribute to the existing knowledge and provide valuable insights for future EC treatment. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on data collected from 82 patients who underwent endoscopic surgery for EC at The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture between May 2019 and October 2022. Among the patients, 42 underwent anastomosis with a cervical tube-type anastomat (Group A), while the remaining 40 cases received layered anastomosis (Group B). Various parameters were recorded, including operation time (OT), neck bleeding volume, time to first postoperative ambulation, postoperative oral food intake, and hospitalization time. Pain assessment was performed using the Visual Analogue Score (VAS) before (T0) and at 12h (T1), 24h (T2), and 48h (T3) after surgery. Postoperative complications, changes in weight, hemoglobin (Hb), albumin (ALB) levels, and the patient's quality of life assessed by the SF-36 scale were also evaluated. RESULTS: Group A demonstrated significantly lower OT, neck bleeding volume, VAS scores at T1 and T2, and incidence of postoperative complications compared to Group B, leading to faster postoperative rehabilitation (P < .05). However, the two groups had no statistically significant differences regarding postoperative weight, Hb and ALB levels, and SF-36 scores (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of cervical tube-type anastomat in endoscopic surgery for EC can accelerate postoperative rehabilitation without adversely affecting the postoperative nutritional status and quality of life.
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