Information forgotten or overlooked: fundamental flaws in the conventional view of the living cell.

Old ideas often persist long after sound evidence dictates otherwise. I attempt to report one such case in the life sciences, by pointing out what are perceived to be fundamental flaws or questions in conventional wisdom. It is my experience that much evidence not in support of the well accepted membrane pump view of the living cell has been overlooked, forgotten or even ignored. In presenting this idea, the evolution of our knowledge from the establishment of cellular and protoplasmic theory to the emergence of solution theory is presented. The universal hypothesis based on physical chemical principles is presented, followed by the advent of the membrane-situated energy-requiring pump. The experimental demonstration of an inadequate energy supply for the first pump is discussed, followed by a review of new evidence that calls to question the use of dilute solution theory in describing adequately cellular function. Finally, roles for cellular water are suggested to explain the cellular exclusion of sodium and to serve as a barometer for the healthy state. Within the context of a metaphor, I attempt to qualitatively embrace the physical findings. It is concluded that the mobility of water molecules may be considered to change with the progression of normal tissue to a state of disease. These changes in the mobility of water molecules are "fingerprinted" by changes in the molecular motion of the solids.