Tischendorf F, Möckel P, Schöne F, Plonné M, Jahreis G
Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2002 Oct;86(9-10):313-25. doi: 10.1046/j.1439-0396.2002.00385.x.
The effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on blood lipids [total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triacylglycerols (TAG)] and the fatty acid distribution of the lipoprotein fractions, backfat, muscle fat, and liver lipids were examined in an experiment with two groups of 40 pigs [Pietrain x (Landrace x Large White)] each. The 20 female and 20 male castrated pigs of each group were fed with isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets supplemented with either 20 g/kg rapeseed oil (control) or 20 g/kg CLA-TAG. The CLA preparation contained 54.2% pure CLA consisting of approximately two-thirds cis,trans/trans,cis-isomers and one-third trans,trans-isomers. The fatty acids of lipoproteins, backfat, muscle lipids and liver lipids were analysed by gas chromatograph (GC). CLA supplementation did not significantly influence blood lipids and the LDL to HDL ratio. In the CLA-fed pigs the very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) contained higher saturated fatty acid (SFA) concentrations at the cost of the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) remained unchanged. The highest CLA content was analysed in VLDL (4.00%) followed by LDL (2.78%) and HDL (1.45%). The ratio of cis,cis to trans,trans isomers increased from VLDL over LDL to HDL. The content of SFA, probably in backfat and muscle lipids, increased whereas the part of MUFA decreased as a result of reduced Delta9-desaturase activity. The percentage of PUFA (without CLA) was higher in backfat of the control group in accordance with the dietary PUFA supply. This shift in the fatty acid distribution was not observed in the liver lipids. In all the three tissues analysed, the CLA-fed pigs had a significantly increased CLA content: the highest increase was in the backfat (5.65%), followed by liver lipids (2.41%), and muscle lipids (1.47%). An isomer-specific accumulation was observed for cis,cis-CLA isomers in muscle, and for trans,trans-CLA isomers in backfat. We conclude that CLA supplementation results in a higher SFA content in backfat and muscle lipids but not in liver lipids. There is a discrimination of the trans-10, cis-12 isomer and the trans,trans isomers in the formation of the cell membranes.
在一项实验中，对两组各40头猪[皮特兰猪×（长白猪×大白猪）]研究了共轭亚油酸（CLA）对血脂[总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）和三酰甘油（TAG）]以及脂蛋白组分、背膘、肌肉脂肪和肝脏脂质中脂肪酸分布的影响。每组20头雌性和20头雄性去势猪分别饲喂等能量和等氮的日粮，日粮中添加20 g/kg菜籽油（对照组）或20 g/kg CLA-TAG。CLA制剂含有54.2%的纯CLA，约三分之二为顺式，反式/反式，顺式异构体，三分之一为反式，反式异构体。通过气相色谱（GC）分析脂蛋白、背膘、肌肉脂质和肝脏脂质中的脂肪酸。补充CLA对血脂和LDL与HDL的比值没有显著影响。在饲喂CLA的猪中，极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）中饱和脂肪酸（SFA）浓度较高，而单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）浓度降低。多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的百分比保持不变。VLDL中CLA含量最高（4.00%），其次是LDL（2.78%）和HDL（1.45%）。顺式，顺式异构体与反式，反式异构体的比例从VLDL到LDL再到HDL逐渐增加。由于Δ9-去饱和酶活性降低，SFA含量可能在背膘和肌肉脂质中增加，而MUFA的比例降低。根据日粮中PUFA的供应情况，对照组背膘中PUFA（不含CLA）的百分比更高。在肝脏脂质中未观察到脂肪酸分布的这种变化。在所有分析的三种组织中，饲喂CLA的猪CLA含量显著增加：增加最多的是背膘（5.65%），其次是肝脏脂质（2.41%）和肌肉脂质（1.47%）。在肌肉中观察到顺式，顺式-CLA异构体的异构体特异性积累，在背膘中观察到反式，反式-CLA异构体的异构体特异性积累。我们得出结论，补充CLA会导致背膘和肌肉脂质中SFA含量增加，但肝脏脂质中不会增加。在细胞膜形成过程中，反式-10，顺式-12异构体和反式，反式异构体存在差异。
