Current standards for the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia favour antipsychotic monotherapy. Most atypical antipsychotics developed in recent years meet the statutory requirement of being at least as effective as Haloperidol. Nevertheless, pharmacoepidemiological data show an increase in polypharmacy. The importance of the studies is underlined by the fact that 40 - 50 % of schizophrenic inpatients and up to 90 % schizophrenic outpatients receive antipsychotic combination therapies. Treatment resistance, reduction of dose-related side effects caused by antipsychotic monotherapy or the effect on concomitant symptoms of schizophrenia, such as comorbid depression, might justify combination therapy or augmentation strategies. Apart from the high costs, polypharmacy is associated with reduced patient compliance and an increased risk of undesired pharmacological effects. Since polypharmacy is increasingly common further educational measures in psychopharmacology should be getting more attention. Due to the very small number of controlled studies that exist at present this report will focus on case reports of the most frequent as well as some of the lesser prescribed combination therapies. Finally, conclusions will be discussed in relation to therapy recommendations.