Mansuy Isabelle M, Shenolikar Shirish
Brain Research Institute, Medical Faculty of the University Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
Trends Neurosci. 2006 Dec;29(12):679-86. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2006.10.004. Epub 2006 Nov 3.
Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of cellular proteins by protein kinases and phosphatases represent important mechanisms for controlling major biological events. In the nervous system, protein phosphatases are contained in highly dynamic complexes localized within specialized subcellular compartments and they ensure timely dephosphorylation of multiple neuronal phosphoproteins. This modulates the responsiveness of individual synapses to neural activity and controls synaptic plasticity. These enzymes in turn play a key role in many forms of learning and memory, and their dysfunction contributes to cognitive deficits associated with aging and dementias or neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review key modes of regulation of neuronal protein serine/threonine phosphatases and their contribution to disorders of learning and memory.
蛋白激酶和磷酸酶对细胞蛋白质的磷酸化和去磷酸化作用是控制主要生物学事件的重要机制。在神经系统中，蛋白磷酸酶存在于位于特殊亚细胞区室的高度动态复合物中，它们确保多种神经元磷酸化蛋白的及时去磷酸化。这调节了单个突触对神经活动的反应性并控制突触可塑性。这些酶反过来在多种形式的学习和记忆中起关键作用，其功能障碍会导致与衰老、痴呆或神经退行性疾病相关的认知缺陷。在此，我们综述神经元蛋白丝氨酸/苏氨酸磷酸酶的关键调节模式及其对学习和记忆障碍的影响。
