Dissociation is defined as the disruption of the usually integrated functions of consciousness, such as memory, identity, and perceptions of the environment. Causes include various psychological, neurological and neurobiological mechanisms, none of which have been consistently supported. To our knowledge, the role of gene-environment interactions in dissociative experiences in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has not previously been investigated. Eighty-three Caucasian patients (29 male, 54 female) with a principal diagnosis of OCD were included. The Dissociative Experiences Scale was used to assess dissociation. The role of childhood trauma (assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), and a functional 44-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter, or 5-HTT, in mediating dissociation, was investigated using multiple regression analysis and path analysis using the partial least squares model. Both analyses indicated that an interaction between physical neglect and the S/S genotype of the 5-HTT gene significantly predicted dissociation in patients with OCD. Dissociation may be a predictor of poorer treatment outcome in patients with OCD; therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon may be useful. Here, two different but related statistical techniques (multiple regression and partial least squares), confirmed that physical neglect and the 5-HTT genotype jointly play a role in predicting dissociation in OCD.