Grünwald Niklaus J, Goss Erica M, Press Caroline M
Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA.
Mol Plant Pathol. 2008 Nov;9(6):729-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2008.00500.x.
Phytophthora ramorum is an oomycete plant pathogen classified in the kingdom Stramenopila. P. ramorum is the causal agent of sudden oak death on coast live oak and tanoak as well as ramorum blight on woody ornamental and forest understorey plants. It causes stem cankers on trees, and leaf blight or stem dieback on ornamentals and understorey forest species. This pathogen is managed in the USA and Europe by eradication where feasible, by containment elsewhere and by quarantine in many parts of the world. Genomic resources provide information on genes of interest to disease management and have improved tremendously since sequencing the genome in 2004. This review provides a current overview of the pathogenicity, population genetics, evolution and genomics of P. ramorum.
Phytophthora ramorum (Werres, De Cock & Man in't Veld): kingdom Stramenopila; phylum Oomycota; class Peronosporomycetidae; order Pythiales; family Pythiaceae; genus Phytophthora.
The host range is very large and the list of known hosts continues to expand at the time of writing. Coast live oak and tanoak are ecologically, economically and culturally important forest hosts in the USA. Rhododendron, Viburnum, Pieris, Syringa and Camellia are key ornamental hosts on which P. ramorum has been found repeatedly, some of which have been involved in moving the pathogen via nursery shipments. Disease symptoms: P. ramorum causes two different diseases with differing symptoms: sudden oak death (bleeding lesions, stem cankers) on oaks and ramorum blight (twig dieback and/or foliar lesions) on tree and woody ornamental hosts.
http://nature.berkeley.edu/comtf/, http://rapra.csl.gov.uk/, http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/pram/index.shtml, http://genome.jgi-psf.org/Phyra1_1/Phyra1_1.home.html, http://pamgo.vbi.vt.edu/, http://pmgn.vbi.vt.edu/, http://vmd.vbi.vt.edu./, http://web.science.oregonstate.edu/bpp/labs/grunwald/resources.htm, http://www.defra.gov.uk/planth/pramorum.htm, http://www.invasive.org/browse/subject.cfm?sub=4603, http://www.forestry.gov.uk/forestry/WCAS-4Z5JLL.
栎树猝死病菌是一种卵菌纲植物病原体，归类于不等鞭毛生物界。栎树猝死病菌是海岸活栎和鞣皮栎猝死病以及木本观赏植物和林下植物叶疫病的致病因子。它会导致树木出现茎溃疡，以及观赏植物和林下树种出现叶枯病或茎枯萎。在美国和欧洲，针对这种病原体，可行时采取根除措施，其他地方采取遏制措施，世界上许多地区采取检疫措施。自2004年对其基因组进行测序以来，基因组资源为疾病管理提供了有关感兴趣基因的信息，并且有了极大改进。本综述提供了栎树猝死病菌致病性、群体遗传学、进化和基因组学的当前概述。
栎树猝死病菌（韦雷斯、德科克和曼因特费尔德）：不等鞭毛生物界；卵菌门；霜霉纲；腐霉目；腐霉科；疫霉属。
寄主范围非常广泛，在撰写本文时已知寄主的清单仍在不断扩大。海岸活栎和鞣皮栎在美国是具有生态、经济和文化重要性的森林寄主。杜鹃花、荚蒾、马醉木、丁香和山茶是关键的观赏寄主，在这些寄主上多次发现栎树猝死病菌，其中一些寄主曾通过苗圃运输传播该病原体。病害症状：栎树猝死病菌会引发两种具有不同症状的不同病害：栎树上的猝死病（出血性病变、茎溃疡）以及树木和木本观赏寄主上的叶疫病（嫩枝枯萎和/或叶部病变）。
