Churkin A A, Tvorogova N A
Zh Nevropatol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 1990;90(11):74-7.
In 1988--1989 an organizational experiment was carried out in Moscow, Leningrad, in the Latvian SSR, the Altai territory and in the Ivanovo region. Apart from the conventional follow-up of patients with mental diseases, the counselling form of the follow-up was established in the experimental territories. In accordance with this new principle, the treatment and counselling assistance to persons with mental disorders was rendered only after seeing a doctor. The main results of the experiment are as follows: 1) the follow-up group of patients noticeably diminished at the expense of a decrease of the number of persons taken under the follow-up studies as well as at the expense of more rapid removal of the patients from the register including their active transfer to the patients' group given medical advice; 2) in the follow-up group structure, there was an increase in the number of patients with psychotic disorders and mental retardation and a noticeable lowering of the number of patients with non-psychotic disorders; 3) the group of patients to be given medical advice dramatically increased in the experimental territories, while the number of patients suffering from non-psychotic disorders accounted among them for 80-85%. On the whole the experiment provided evidence in favour of the opportuneness and soundness of introduction into psychiatric practice of the two follow-up types: as far as patients with grave mental disorders and deep social decompensation are concerned, they should be followed up over time by means of conventional methods; as to patients with milder mental disorders, the counselling form of the follow-up is quite sufficient, provided they adapt themselves socially or are well protected (in respect to children and retired persons).
1988年至1989年，在莫斯科、列宁格勒、拉脱维亚苏维埃社会主义共和国、阿尔泰边疆区和伊万诺沃地区开展了一项组织实验。除了对精神疾病患者进行常规随访外，还在实验地区建立了咨询形式的随访。按照这一新原则，只有在看过医生后才为精神障碍患者提供治疗和咨询援助。实验的主要结果如下：1）随访患者组显著减少，这是由于接受随访研究的人数减少，以及患者从登记册中更快地被移除，包括他们被积极转移到接受医疗建议的患者组；2）在随访组结构中，患有精神障碍和智力迟钝的患者数量增加，而非精神障碍患者的数量显著下降；3）在实验地区，接受医疗建议的患者组大幅增加，其中非精神障碍患者的数量占80%至85%。总体而言，该实验证明了在精神病学实践中引入两种随访类型的适时性和合理性：对于患有严重精神障碍和深度社会失代偿的患者，应通过常规方法长期随访；对于精神障碍较轻的患者，如果他们能适应社会或得到良好保护（对于儿童和退休人员而言），咨询形式的随访就足够了。
