使用液相色谱-电喷雾电离质谱法分析癌细胞培养物中的内源性ATP类似物和甲羟戊酸途径代谢物。

Analysis of endogenous ATP analogs and mevalonate pathway metabolites in cancer cell cultures using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

作者信息

Jauhiainen Marjo, Mönkkönen Hannu, Räikkönen Johanna, Mönkkönen Jukka, Auriola Seppo

机构信息

Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Kuopio, Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.

出版信息

J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2009 Oct 1;877(27):2967-75. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.07.010. Epub 2009 Jul 14.

Abstract

Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs) are shown to inhibit a key enzyme of intracellular mevalonate pathway, FPP synthase, leading to intracellular accumulation of pathway metabolites isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP). In our previous studies we have shown that a new type of ATP analog, ApppI (triphosphoric acid 1-adenosin-5'-yl ester 3-(3-methylbut-3-enyl) ester), is also formed in addition to IPP and DMAPP accumulation. ApppI has cytotoxic effects leading to direct apoptosis of various cancer cells. In this study we present a validated method based on ion-pair LC-MS(2) for the analysis of isomeric mevalonate pathway metabolites and ATP analogs in cell culture samples. Limit of quantitation for IPP and DMAPP was 0.030microM (1.35fmol on-column) and for ApppI and ApppD 0.020microM (0.9fmol on-column). Acceptable accuracies and precision were also obtained for quality control samples in low and high concentrations of the calibration curve. In addition, we present a new method for quantitation of each coeluting isomer utilizing the peak intensity ratios of two characteristic fragment ions of each compound. For IPP and DMAPP, fragment ions m/z 177 and m/z 159 in the MS(2) were monitored, whereas for ATP analogs, ApppI and ApppD (triphosphoric acid 1-adenosin-5'-yl ester 3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) ester), the same fragments in the MS(3) spectra were followed. IPP and DMAPP accumulation as well as ApppI and ApppD formation was demonstrated using MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Cells were treated with 25muM zoledronic acid (an N-BP) for 24h, conditions found to induce significant production of the metabolites. We found that the total amount of IPP and DMAPP was 2.4nmol/mg of protein and amount of ApppI and ApppD was 1.1nmol/mg protein. Relative portions of the isomers were approximately 1:4 IPP:DMAPP and 3:7 ApppI:ApppD. Untreated control samples did not contain IPP, DMAPP, ApppI or ApppD.

摘要

含氮双膦酸盐(N-BPs)被证明可抑制细胞内甲羟戊酸途径的关键酶——法尼基焦磷酸合酶(FPP合酶),导致该途径的代谢产物异戊烯基焦磷酸(IPP)和二甲基烯丙基焦磷酸(DMAPP)在细胞内蓄积。在我们之前的研究中,我们已经表明,除了IPP和DMAPP蓄积外,还会形成一种新型的ATP类似物——ApppI(三磷酸1-腺苷-5'-基酯3-(3-甲基丁-3-烯基)酯)。ApppI具有细胞毒性作用,可导致各种癌细胞直接凋亡。在本研究中,我们提出了一种基于离子对液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS(2))的经验证方法,用于分析细胞培养样品中异构甲羟戊酸途径代谢产物和ATP类似物。IPP和DMAPP的定量限为0.030μM(柱上1.35fmol),ApppI和ApppD的定量限为0.020μM(柱上0.9fmol)。对于校准曲线低浓度和高浓度的质量控制样品,也获得了可接受的准确度和精密度。此外,我们提出了一种利用每种化合物的两个特征性碎片离子的峰强度比来定量每种共洗脱异构体的新方法。对于IPP和DMAPP,监测MS(2)中的碎片离子m/z 177和m/z 159,而对于ATP类似物ApppI和ApppD(三磷酸1-腺苷-5'-基酯3-(3-甲基丁-2-烯基)酯),则跟踪MS(3)谱中的相同碎片。使用MCF-7乳腺癌细胞证实了IPP和DMAPP的蓄积以及ApppI和ApppD的形成。细胞用25μM唑来膦酸(一种N-BP)处理24小时,发现该条件可诱导代谢产物的大量产生。我们发现IPP和DMAPP的总量为2.4nmol/mg蛋白质,ApppI和ApppD的量为1.1nmol/mg蛋白质。异构体的相对比例约为IPP:DMAPP = 1:4和ApppI:ApppD = 3:7。未处理的对照样品不含IPP、DMAPP、ApppI或ApppD。

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