Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringá, Parana, Brazil.
Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010 Jan;21(1):55-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01854.x.
The objective of this experiment was to analyze processes involved in the incorporation of Bio-Oss Collagen in host tissue during healing following tooth extraction and grafting.
Five beagle dogs were used. Four premolars in the mandible ((3)P(3), (4)P(4)) were hemi-sected, the distal roots were removed and the fresh extraction socket filled with Bio-Oss Collagen. The mucosa was mobilized and the extraction site was closed with interrupted sutures. The tooth extraction and grafting procedures were scheduled in such a way that biopsies representing 1 and 3 days, as well as 1, 2 and 4 weeks of healing could be obtained. The dogs were euthanized and perfused with a fixative. Each experimental site, including the distal socket area, was dissected. The sites were decalcified in EDTA, and serial sections representing the central part of the socket were prepared in the mesio-distal plane and parallel with the long axis of the extraction socket. Sections were stained in hematoxylin and eosin and were used for the overall characteristics of the tissues in the extraction socket. In specimens representing 1, 2 and 4 weeks of healing the various tissue elements were assessed using a morphometric point counting procedure. Tissue elements such as cells, fibers, vessels, leukocytes and mineralized bone were determined. In deparaffinized sections structures and cells positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity (TRAP), alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin were identified.
The biomaterial was first trapped in the fibrin network of the coagulum. Neutrophilic leukocytes [polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells] migrated to the surface of the foreign particles. In a second phase the PMN cells were replaced by multinuclear TRAP-positive cells (osteoclasts). The osteoclasts apparently removed material from the surface of the xenogeneic graft. When after 1-2 weeks the osteoclasts disappeared from the Bio-Oss granules they were followed by osteoblasts that laid down bone mineral in the collagen bundles of the provisional matrix. In this third phase the Bio-Oss particles became osseointegrated.
It was demonstrated that the incorporation of Bio-Oss in the tissue that formed in an extraction wound involved a series of different processes.
本实验旨在分析拔牙后植骨过程中 Bio-Oss 胶原在宿主组织中的整合过程。
使用 5 只比格犬。下颌骨的 4 颗前磨牙（(3)P(3)、(4)P(4)）被半切，去除远端根，并用 Bio-Oss 胶原填充新鲜拔牙窝。将黏膜移位，并用间断缝线关闭拔牙部位。拔牙和植骨程序安排如下，以便获得 1 天、3 天以及 1 周、2 周和 4 周愈合的活检。将狗安乐死并进行固定剂灌注。每个实验部位，包括远端牙槽窝区域，都被解剖。用 EDTA 脱钙，在近远中平面上制备代表牙槽窝中心部分的连续切片，并与拔牙窝的长轴平行。切片用苏木精和伊红染色，用于评估拔牙窝组织的整体特征。在愈合 1 周、2 周和 4 周的标本中，使用形态计量点计数程序评估各种组织成分。确定细胞、纤维、血管、白细胞和矿化骨等组织成分。在脱蜡切片中，鉴定对酒石酸抗性酸性磷酸酶活性（TRAP）、碱性磷酸酶和骨桥蛋白呈阳性的结构和细胞。
生物材料首先被困在凝块的纤维蛋白网络中。中性粒细胞[多形核（PMN）细胞]迁移到异物颗粒的表面。在第二阶段，PMN 细胞被多核 TRAP 阳性细胞（破骨细胞）取代。破骨细胞显然从异种移植物的表面去除了物质。当 1-2 周后破骨细胞从 Bio-Oss 颗粒中消失时，它们被成骨细胞取代，成骨细胞在临时基质的胶原束中沉积骨矿物质。在第三阶段，Bio-Oss 颗粒被骨整合。
证明了 Bio-Oss 在拔牙创形成的组织中的整合涉及一系列不同的过程。
