Department of Psychology, Department 2765, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, North Dakota 58108-6050, USA.
Psychol Addict Behav. 2010 Mar;24(1):157-62. doi: 10.1037/a0017897.
Motivational models of addiction typically propose that alcohol and drugs are desired because of their hedonic effects (i.e., increasing pleasure or reducing distress). In contrast, the incentive-sensitization theory proposes that wanting motivation and liking motivation are separable and that after repeated substance use, motivation shifts from liking to wanting. Using a sample of 85 at-risk drinkers (as defined by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism), in the current study we examined the separability of liking motivation and wanting motivation for alcohol and whether years of drinking experience was associated with an increased role for wanting motivation and a decreased role for liking motivation. Consumption was measured with a free-drinking task. Wanting motivation was assessed immediately before drinking, and liking was assessed immediately after drinking had begun. The results indicated that (a) wanting motivation predicted variance of consumption unique from that accounted for by liking motivation, (b) longer drinking experience was associated with a decreased relation between liking motivation and consumption, and (c) longer drinking experience was not associated with an increased relation between wanting motivation and consumption. The results provide partial support for the incentive-sensitization theory.
成瘾的动机模型通常提出，人们之所以渴望酒精和毒品，是因为它们具有愉悦效果（即增加愉悦或减轻痛苦）。相比之下，激励敏感化理论提出，想要的动机和喜欢的动机是可分离的，并且在反复使用物质后，动机从喜欢转变为想要。在当前的研究中，我们使用了 85 名有风险的饮酒者（根据国家酒精滥用和酗酒研究所的定义）的样本，检验了酒精的喜欢动机和想要动机的可分离性，以及饮酒年限是否与想要动机的作用增加和喜欢动机的作用减少有关。使用自由饮酒任务来衡量饮酒量。在饮酒前立即评估想要的动机，在开始饮酒后立即评估喜欢的动机。结果表明：(a) 想要的动机预测了消费的变化，这与喜欢的动机所解释的变化不同；(b) 饮酒年限较长与喜欢的动机与消费之间的关系减弱有关；(c) 饮酒年限较长与想要的动机与消费之间的关系增强无关。结果为激励敏感化理论提供了部分支持。
