碳酸酐酶 IX 作为一种抗癌治疗靶点:针对催化结构域的内化单克隆抗体的临床前评价。

Carbonic anhydrase IX as an anticancer therapy target: preclinical evaluation of internalizing monoclonal antibody directed to catalytic domain.

机构信息

Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.

出版信息

Curr Pharm Des. 2010;16(29):3255-63. doi: 10.2174/138161210793429832.

Abstract

Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a suitable target for various anticancer strategies. It is a cell surface protein that is present in human tumors, but not in the corresponding normal tissues. Expression of CA IX is induced by hypoxia and correlates with cancer prognosis in many tumor types. Moreover, CA IX is functionally implicated in cancer progression as a pro-survival factor protecting cancer cells against hypoxia and acidosis via its capability to regulate pH and cell adhesion. Cancer-related distribution of CA IX allows for targeting cancer cells by antibodies binding to its extracellular domain, whereas functional involvement of CA IX opens the possibility to hit cancer cells by blocking their adaptation to physiologic stresses via inhibition of CA IX enzyme activity. The latter strategy is recently receiving considerable attention and great efforts are made to produce CA IX-selective inhibitor derivatives with anticancer effects. On the other hand, targeting CA IX-expressing cells by immunotherapy has reached clinical trials and is close to application in treatment of renal cell carcinoma patients. Nevertheless, development and characterization of new CA IX-specific antibodies is still ongoing. Here we describe a mouse monoclonal antibody VII/20 directed to catalytic domain of CA IX. We show that upon binding to CA IX, the VII/20 MAb undergoes efficient receptor-mediated internalization, which is a process regulating abundance and signaling of cell surface proteins and has considerable impact on immunotherapy. We evaluated biological properties of the MAb and demonstrated its capacity to elicit anti-cancer effect in mouse xenograft model of colorectal carcinoma. Thus, the VII/20 MAb might serve as a tool for preclinical studies of immunotherapeutic strategies against non-RCC tumors. These have not been explored so far and include broad spectrum of cancer types, treatment of which might benefit from CA IX-mediated targeting.

摘要

碳酸酐酶 9(CA9)是各种抗癌策略的合适靶点。它是一种细胞表面蛋白,存在于人类肿瘤中,但不存在于相应的正常组织中。CA9 的表达受缺氧诱导,并与许多肿瘤类型的癌症预后相关。此外,CA9 通过调节 pH 值和细胞黏附来保护癌细胞免受缺氧和酸中毒,从而在癌症进展中具有功能相关性,作为一种促进存活的因子。CA9 与癌症相关的分布允许通过与细胞外结构域结合的抗体靶向癌细胞,而 CA9 的功能参与则为通过抑制 CA9 酶活性来阻止癌细胞适应生理应激提供了靶向癌细胞的可能性。后一种策略最近受到了相当大的关注,并且正在努力生产具有抗癌作用的 CA9 选择性抑制剂衍生物。另一方面,通过免疫疗法靶向表达 CA9 的细胞已经进入临床试验阶段,并且接近于在治疗肾细胞癌患者中的应用。然而,针对 CA9 表达细胞的新的特异性抗体的开发和鉴定仍在进行中。在这里,我们描述了一种针对 CA9 催化结构域的小鼠单克隆抗体 VII/20。我们表明,当与 CA9 结合时,VII/20 MAb 会经历有效的受体介导的内化,这是一个调节细胞表面蛋白丰度和信号的过程,对免疫疗法有很大的影响。我们评估了该 MAb 的生物学特性,并证明了其在结直肠癌细胞异种移植模型中引发抗癌作用的能力。因此,VII/20 MAb 可作为针对非 RCC 肿瘤的免疫治疗策略的临床前研究工具。这些迄今为止尚未得到探索,包括广泛的癌症类型,其治疗可能受益于 CA9 介导的靶向。

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