Section of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth Medical School, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
PM R. 2010 Dec;2(12 Suppl 2):S241-52. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.10.005.
Wide variation in outcomes after neurotrauma, despite apparently similar injury severity, suggests that host factors may influence the recovery process. Genetically determined individual differences might be one such factor. The study of the genetic modulation of outcome after neurotrauma is at an early stage. Nevertheless, several important components of the response to neurotrauma can be identified in which genetic differences contribute to variability in outcome. These components include genetic modulators of pre- and postinjury cognitive reserve and behavioral homeostasis, and processes that modulate cytotoxic injury cascades (extent of injury) and injury repair. This work reviews what is known of the role of genetic variation in outcome after neurotrauma with a focus on clinical outcomes after traumatic brain injury. Polymorphisms reported to influence outcome after traumatic brain injury that illustrate important underlying mechanisms are emphasized.
神经外伤后，尽管损伤严重程度似乎相似，但结果存在广泛差异，这表明宿主因素可能影响恢复过程。遗传决定的个体差异可能就是这样一个因素。神经外伤后遗传调节结果的研究尚处于早期阶段。然而，在其中一些对神经外伤反应的重要组成部分中，可以发现遗传差异导致结果的可变性。这些组成部分包括：损伤前和损伤后认知储备和行为平衡的遗传调节剂，以及调节细胞毒性损伤级联（损伤程度）和损伤修复的过程。这项工作综述了遗传变异在神经外伤后结果中的作用，重点是外伤性脑损伤后的临床结果。强调了报告的影响外伤性脑损伤结果的多态性，这些多态性说明了重要的潜在机制。
