Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2008 Jan;25(1):20-6. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2007.08.003. Epub 2007 Aug 19.
Wastewater at various stages of treatment was sampled from a large wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Beijing, China. A fractionation method was conducted to identify the dominant contributors to estrogenic activity of those samples using silica gel column chromatography combined with a recombinant yeast bioassay for detecting estrogenic activity and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for quantifying estrogenic substances. Total estradiol equivalents (EEQ) found in the influent and effluent of the WWTP were 15.7±2.0 and 10.4±0.4ng/L, indicating the low removal efficiency of the WWTP. The endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) most frequently detected in the wastewater by GC/MS included phthalate esters, PAHs and phenolic compounds, while the natural and synthetic estrogens such as estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and ethinylestradiol (EE2) were not detected. The concentrations of nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP) and bisphenol A (BPA) were 13.4, 1.4 and 89.0μg/L in the influent and 0.41, 0.11 and 0.32μg/L in the effluent, respectively. Based on the concentrations and estradiol equivalency factors (EEF) of NP, OP and BPA, 60% of the total estrogenic activity in GBD-WWTP influent could be explained by the calculated EEQ, showing that BPA, OP and NP were mainly responsible for estrogenic activity in the influent. However, their contributions to estrogenic activity in the effluent were only 3%, indicating that some unknown estrogenic components were still present in the wastewater.
从中国北京的一家大型污水处理厂（WWTP）的各个处理阶段采集了污水水样。采用硅胶柱色谱法结合用于检测雌激素活性的重组酵母生物测定法和用于定量雌激素物质的气相色谱-质谱法（GC/MS），对这些样品中主导雌激素活性的物质进行了分级。WWTP 进水和出水中发现的总雌二醇当量（EEQ）分别为 15.7±2.0 和 10.4±0.4ng/L，表明 WWTP 的去除效率较低。GC/MS 最常检测到废水中的内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs）包括邻苯二甲酸酯、多环芳烃和酚类化合物，而雌二醇（E2）、雌酮（E1）和乙炔雌二醇（EE2）等天然和合成雌激素则未检出。非壬基酚（NP）、辛基酚（OP）和双酚 A（BPA）的浓度分别为进水 13.4、1.4 和 89.0μg/L，出水 0.41、0.11 和 0.32μg/L。根据 NP、OP 和 BPA 的浓度和雌二醇等效因子（EEF），GBD-WWTP 进水总雌激素活性的 60%可以用计算的 EEQ 来解释，表明 BPA、OP 和 NP 是进水雌激素活性的主要贡献者。然而，它们对出水雌激素活性的贡献仅为 3%，表明废水中仍存在一些未知的雌激素成分。
