Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Trop Med Int Health. 2011 Dec;16(12):1552-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02875.x. Epub 2011 Sep 1.
To evaluate the ownership and use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) by the local community 2 years after a free distribution campaign in Ethiopia.
This is a population-based survey using a two-stage cluster sample design in 115 randomly selected clusters in Oromia and Amhara regional states of Ethiopia, performed in June 2009. Data on the possession and use of ITNs were collected using structured and pre-tested questionnaires through house-to-house visits. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the effect of participant's malaria knowledge, location and ITN characteristics on the use of ITNs.
A total of 2874 households participated in the study, and 90.6% of the study population was knowledgeable about ITNs. About 49.1% of households reported at least one ITN; 28.4% owned two or more. ITN coverage was significantly lower in Oromia (34.9%) than in Amhara (76.8%, P<0.001). The average number of ITNs per ITN-owning household was 1.8. In all surveyed households, only 21.8% of all family members, 29.4% of all children under the age of 5 years and 23.2% of all pregnant women had slept under an ITN the night preceding the survey. Among ITN-owning households, 63.0% of all children under the age of 5 years and 52.1% of pregnant women had slept under an ITN the night before the survey. Using multivariate analysis, factors significantly associated with ITN use were number of ITNs in the household, number of ITNs hung over the bed in the household, women's knowledge of ITNs and women's lack of problem in using ITNs, whereas region, area of residence and ITN status were not.
Household ITN ownership and use remain below the current Roll Back Malaria targets of universal coverage. A replacement strategy is urgently needed to scale-up coverage and use of ITNs.
评估在埃塞俄比亚开展免费分发运动两年后，当地社区对驱虫蚊帐（ITN）的拥有和使用情况。
这是一项基于人群的调查，采用两阶段聚类抽样设计，在埃塞俄比亚奥罗米亚和阿姆哈拉地区的 115 个随机选择的集群中进行，于 2009 年 6 月进行。通过挨家挨户的访问，使用结构化和预先测试的问卷收集关于 ITN 拥有和使用的数据。采用双变量和多变量逻辑回归分析，检验参与者的疟疾知识、位置和 ITN 特征对 ITN 使用的影响。
共有 2874 户家庭参与了这项研究，研究人群中 90.6%对 ITN 有了解。约 49.1%的家庭报告至少拥有一个 ITN；28.4%的家庭拥有两个或更多 ITN。奥罗米亚的 ITN 覆盖率（34.9%）明显低于阿姆哈拉（76.8%，P<0.001）。每个拥有 ITN 的家庭的平均 ITN 数量为 1.8。在所有接受调查的家庭中，只有 21.8%的所有家庭成员、29.4%的所有 5 岁以下儿童和 23.2%的所有孕妇在前一天晚上睡在 ITN 下。在拥有 ITN 的家庭中，只有 63.0%的所有 5 岁以下儿童和 52.1%的孕妇在前一天晚上睡在 ITN 下。通过多变量分析，与 ITN 使用显著相关的因素包括家庭拥有的 ITN 数量、家庭中悬挂在床上方的 ITN 数量、妇女对 ITN 的了解程度以及妇女在使用 ITN 方面没有问题，而地区、居住地和 ITN 状况则没有。
家庭 ITN 拥有率和使用率仍低于当前遏制疟疾的普及目标。迫切需要采取替代战略来扩大 ITN 的覆盖面和使用率。
