Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Porto University, Porto 4150-180, Portugal.
Mar Drugs. 2012 Dec;10(12):2661-75. doi: 10.3390/md10122661.
Urinary bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with the highest incidence in industrialized countries. Patients with cancer commonly use unconventional and complementary therapy including nutraceuticals. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of chitooligosaccharides (in orange juice) in rat bladder cancer chemoprevention and as therapeutic agent, on a rat model of urinary bladder carcinogenesis induced with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine. Results indicate that chitooligosaccharides may have a preventive effect on bladder cancer development and a curative effect upon established bladder tumors, dependent on the concentration ingested 500 mg/kg b.w., every three days, showed capacity to inhibit and prevent the proliferation of bladder cancer; however, this was associated with secondary effects such as hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. The use of lower doses (50 and 250 mg/kg b.w.) showed only therapeutic effects. It is further suggested that this antitumor effect might be due to its expected anti-inflammatory action, as well as by mechanisms not directly dependent of COX-2 inhibition, such as cellular proliferation control and improvement in antioxidant profile.
膀胱癌是全球最常见的癌症之一，在工业化国家的发病率最高。癌症患者通常使用非常规和补充疗法，包括营养保健品。在这项研究中，我们评估了壳寡糖（橙汁中的）在膀胱癌化学预防中的功效，以及在 N-丁基-N-（4-羟丁基）亚硝胺诱导的大鼠膀胱癌发生模型中的治疗剂的功效。结果表明，壳寡糖可能对膀胱癌的发展具有预防作用，对已建立的膀胱癌具有治疗作用，取决于摄入的浓度 500mg/kg bw，每三天一次，显示出抑制和预防膀胱癌增殖的能力；然而，这与高胆固醇血症和高三酰甘油血症等副作用有关。使用较低剂量（50 和 250mg/kg bw）仅显示出治疗作用。进一步表明，这种抗肿瘤作用可能是由于其预期的抗炎作用，以及不直接依赖 COX-2 抑制的机制，如细胞增殖控制和抗氧化谱的改善。
