Department of Physics, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Chem Soc Rev. 2013 Sep 21;42(18):7649-59. doi: 10.1039/c2cs35442j.
This paper reviews the history of mechanochemistry. It begins with prehistoric times, when reactions could be initiated during grinding and rubbing accidentally, and follows the main developments until recent results and current trends. There are very few records on mechanochemistry until the first systematic investigations by Spring and Lea at the end of the 19th century. For the next decades, mechanochemistry developed slowly; minerals, inorganic compounds, and polymers were the main subjects of investigation. The area became more organized in the 1960s, when several large groups were established and the first dedicated conferences were held. Mechanical alloying was invented in 1966 independently and it became a subject of intense research. Interaction between the two topics was established in the 1990s. In recent years, the mechanochemical synthesis of organic compounds was added to the main subjects and the invention of the atomic force microscope provided new ways to manipulate atoms and molecules by direct mechanical action. The theoretical explanation of mechanochemical phenomena is difficult, as the mechanism is system specific and several length and time scales are involved. Thiessen proposed the first theory, the magma-plasma model, in 1967, and deeper insight is being obtained by computer modelling combined with empirical work. Practical applications have been an important motivation throughout the history of mechanochemistry. It is used alone or in combination with other steps in an increasing number of technologies.
本文综述了机械化学的历史。它始于史前时期，当时在研磨和摩擦过程中可能会意外引发反应，并追溯到主要的发展阶段，直到最近的结果和当前的趋势。直到 19 世纪末 Spring 和 Lea 进行了第一次系统的研究，才有了关于机械化学的极少数记录。在接下来的几十年里，机械化学发展缓慢；矿物、无机化合物和聚合物是主要的研究对象。20 世纪 60 年代，当几个大型研究组成立并举办了第一次专门的会议时，该领域变得更加有组织。1966 年，机械合金化被独立发明，并成为一个研究热点。这两个主题在 20 世纪 90 年代开始相互作用。近年来，有机化合物的机械化学合成也成为主要研究对象之一，原子力显微镜的发明为通过直接机械作用操纵原子和分子提供了新的途径。机械化学现象的理论解释很困难，因为机制是特定于系统的，并且涉及到几个长度和时间尺度。1967 年，Thiessen 提出了第一个理论——岩浆-等离子体模型，通过计算机建模与经验工作的结合，我们对其有了更深入的了解。在机械化学的历史中，实际应用一直是一个重要的动力。它单独使用或与其他步骤结合使用，在越来越多的技术中得到应用。
