Ruiz Paulina, Maldonado Paula, Hidalgo Yessia, Gleisner Alejandra, Sauma Daniela, Silva Cinthia, Saez Juan Jose, Nuñez Sarah, Rosemblatt Mario, Bono Maria Rosa
Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, 7800024 Santiago, Chile.
Clin Dev Immunol. 2013;2013:210506. doi: 10.1155/2013/210506. Epub 2013 May 12.
One of the greatest advances in medicine during the past century is the introduction of organ transplantation. This therapeutic strategy designed to treat organ failure and organ dysfunction allows to prolong the survival of many patients that are faced with no other treatment option. Today, organ transplantation between genetically dissimilar individuals (allogeneic grafting) is a procedure widely used as a therapeutic alternative in cases of organ failure, hematological disease treatment, and some malignancies. Despite the potential of organ transplantation, the administration of immunosuppressive drugs required for allograft acceptance induces severe immunosuppression in transplanted patients, which leads to serious side effects such as infection with opportunistic pathogens and the occurrence of neoplasias, in addition to the known intrinsic toxicity of these drugs. To solve this setback in allotransplantation, researchers have focused on manipulating the immune response in order to create a state of tolerance rather than unspecific immunosuppression. Here, we describe the different treatments and some of the novel immunotherapeutic strategies undertaken to induce transplantation tolerance.
上个世纪医学领域最伟大的进展之一是器官移植的引入。这种旨在治疗器官衰竭和器官功能障碍的治疗策略能够延长许多没有其他治疗选择的患者的生存期。如今，在基因不匹配的个体之间进行器官移植（同种异体移植）是一种广泛应用于器官衰竭、血液疾病治疗以及某些恶性肿瘤治疗的替代治疗方法。尽管器官移植具有潜力，但为了使同种异体移植被接受而使用的免疫抑制药物会导致移植患者出现严重的免疫抑制，除了这些药物已知的内在毒性外，还会引发严重的副作用，如机会性病原体感染和肿瘤的发生。为了解决同种异体移植中的这一挫折，研究人员致力于调控免疫反应，以建立一种耐受状态而非非特异性免疫抑制。在此，我们描述了为诱导移植耐受而采取的不同治疗方法和一些新型免疫治疗策略。
