组胺 H2 受体偏倚信号传导的生理意义。
Physiological implications of biased signaling at histamine H2 receptors.
机构信息
Laboratorio de Patología y Farmacología Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Buenos Aires, Argentina, ; Laboratorio de Farmacología de Receptores, Cátedra de Química Medicinal, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, Argentina.
出版信息
Front Pharmacol. 2015 Mar 10;6:45. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00045. eCollection 2015.
Histamine mediates numerous functions acting through its four receptor subtypes all belonging to the large family of seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. In particular, histamine H2 receptor (H2R) is mainly involved in gastric acid production, becoming a classic pharmacological target to treat Zollinger-Ellison disease and gastric and duodenal ulcers. H2 ligands rank among the most widely prescribed and over the counter-sold drugs in the world. Recent evidence indicate that some H2R ligands display biased agonism, selecting and triggering some, but not all, of the signaling pathways associated to the H2R. The aim of the present work is to study whether famotidine, clinically widespread used ligand acting at H2R, exerts biased signaling. Our findings indicate that while famotidine acts as inverse agonist diminishing cAMP basal levels, it mimics the effects of histamine and the agonist amthamine concerning receptor desensitization and internalization. Moreover, the treatment of HEK293T transfected cells with any of the three ligands lead to a concentration dependent pERK increment. Similarly in AGS gastric epithelial cells, famotidine treatment led to both, the reduction in cAMP levels as well as the increment in ERK phosphorylation, suggesting that this behavior could have pharmacological relevant implications. Based on that, histidine decarboxylase expression was studied by quantitative PCR in AGS cells and its levels were increased by famotidine as well as by histamine and amthamine. In all cases, the positive regulation was impeded by the MEK inhibitor PD98059, indicating that biased signaling toward ERK1/2 pathway is the responsible of such enzyme regulation. These results support that ligand bias is not only a pharmacological curiosity but has physiological and pharmacological implications on cell metabolism.
组胺通过其四种受体亚型发挥多种功能,这四种受体亚型均属于七次跨膜 G 蛋白偶联受体大家族。特别是,组胺 H2 受体(H2R)主要参与胃酸分泌,成为治疗卓-艾综合征和胃及十二指肠溃疡的经典药理学靶点。H2 配体是世界上使用最广泛的处方和非处方药之一。最近的证据表明,一些 H2 配体显示出偏激动作用,选择并触发与 H2R 相关的一些,但不是全部信号通路。本工作旨在研究临床上广泛应用于 H2R 的法莫替丁是否具有偏激动作用。我们的研究结果表明,虽然法莫替丁作为反向激动剂降低 cAMP 的基础水平,但它模拟了组胺和激动剂氨甲酰甲硫氨酸关于受体脱敏和内化的作用。此外,用这三种配体中的任何一种处理转染 HEK293T 细胞都会导致 ERK 的浓度依赖性增加。同样,在 AGS 胃上皮细胞中,法莫替丁处理导致 cAMP 水平降低和 ERK 磷酸化增加,表明这种行为可能具有药理学相关性。基于此,通过定量 PCR 研究了 AGS 细胞中的组氨酸脱羧酶表达,发现法莫替丁以及组胺和氨甲酰甲硫氨酸均可增加其水平。在所有情况下,MEK 抑制剂 PD98059 都阻止了这种正调控,表明偏向 ERK1/2 通路的信号转导是导致这种酶调节的原因。这些结果表明,配体偏倚不仅是一种药理学上的好奇心,而且对细胞代谢具有生理和药理学意义。