Aluru Srikanth, Hide Mallorie, Michel Gregory, Bañuls Anne-Laure, Marty Pierre, Pomares Christelle
Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France - INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, C3M, Toxines Microbiennes dans la Relation Hôte Pathogènes, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France.
UMR MIVEGEC IRD 224-CNRS 5290, Universités Montpellier 1 et 2, Montpellier, France.
Parasite. 2015;22:16. doi: 10.1051/parasite/2015016. Epub 2015 May 5.
Microsatellite markers have been used for Leishmania genetic studies worldwide, giving useful insight into leishmaniasis epidemiology. Understanding the geographic distribution, dynamics of Leishmania populations, and disease epidemiology improved markedly with this tool. In endemic foci, the origins of antimony-resistant strains and multidrug treatment failures were explored with multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT). High genetic variability was detected but no association between parasite genotypes and drug resistance was established. An association between MLMT profiles and clinical disease manifestations was highlighted in only three studies and this data needs further confirmation. At the individual level, MLMT provided information on relapse and reinfection when multiple leishmaniasis episodes occurred. This information could improve knowledge of epidemiology and guide therapeutic choices for active chronic visceral leishmaniasis, the disease form in some HIV-positive patients.
微卫星标记已在全球范围内用于利什曼原虫的遗传学研究，为了解利什曼病的流行病学提供了有用的见解。借助这一工具，人们对利什曼原虫种群的地理分布、动态变化以及疾病流行病学的认识有了显著提高。在地方病疫源地，通过多位点微卫星分型（MLMT）对锑耐药菌株的起源和多药治疗失败情况进行了探索。研究发现其具有高度的遗传变异性，但未确定寄生虫基因型与耐药性之间的关联。仅有三项研究强调了MLMT谱与临床疾病表现之间的关联，且这一数据需要进一步证实。在个体层面，当发生多次利什曼病发作时，MLMT提供了有关复发和再感染的信息。这些信息有助于增进对流行病学的了解，并为一些HIV阳性患者所患的活动性慢性内脏利什曼病这一疾病形式的治疗选择提供指导。
