McMillan Andrew C, White Matthew D
Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2015 Oct;22(5):347-52. doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000191.
The purpose of this short review paper is to summarize recent developments in the understanding of the activation, growth and function of brown adipose tissue (BAT).
Transcriptional markers for increased BAT activity and differentiation of white adipocytes to 'beige' or 'brite' adipocytes include amongst others peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, cytosine-enhancer-binding protein, positive regulatory domain 16 and bone morphogenetic proteins. These markers induce uncoupling protein 1 expression in brown and 'beige' or 'brite' adipocytes which allows energy from macronutrients to be expended as heat. Acute and repeated mild cold exposures of 17-19 °C in adult humans increase BAT volume and activity and this is a novel method for increasing their energy expenditure. Emerging evidence suggests that irisin and melatonin hormones may be involved in BAT activation. Additionally, brown adipocyte stem cell therapy transplantation is a means to stimulate this increased thermogenesis from brown and 'beige' or 'brite' adipocytes.
Markers for increased BAT activation and for white adipocyte differentiation into beige/brite adipocytes have been identified, and these lead to an uncoupling protein 1-mediated increase in metabolic rate. Mild cold exposure and brown adipocyte stem cell transplantation are two potential strategies for inducing activation and growth of BAT for the treatment of human obesity.
这篇简短综述文章的目的是总结在理解棕色脂肪组织（BAT）的激活、生长和功能方面的最新进展。
棕色脂肪组织活性增加以及白色脂肪细胞向“米色”或“亮”脂肪细胞分化的转录标志物包括过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ、胞嘧啶增强子结合蛋白、正调控域16和骨形态发生蛋白等。这些标志物在棕色和“米色”或“亮”脂肪细胞中诱导解偶联蛋白1的表达，从而使来自大量营养素的能量以热量形式消耗。成年人体在17 - 19°C下进行急性和反复轻度冷暴露会增加棕色脂肪组织的体积和活性，这是增加其能量消耗的一种新方法。新出现的证据表明鸢尾素和褪黑素激素可能参与棕色脂肪组织的激活。此外，棕色脂肪干细胞治疗移植是一种刺激棕色和“米色”或“亮”脂肪细胞增加产热的手段。
已确定棕色脂肪组织激活增加以及白色脂肪细胞分化为米色/亮脂肪细胞的标志物，这些标志物导致解偶联蛋白1介导的代谢率增加。轻度冷暴露和棕色脂肪干细胞移植是诱导棕色脂肪组织激活和生长以治疗人类肥胖的两种潜在策略。
