Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is known to be a common complication of cardiac surgery that is associated with poor short- and long-term outcomes. The causes of CSA-AKI include the discovered or undiscovered risk factors within the perioperative course, mostly non-modifiable; some are even iatrogenic. Recognizing and mediating risk factors preoperatively and optimizing intraoperative practices may decrease the incidence of CSA-AKI. By now, the present studies cannot confirm which drugs are better off for preventing CSA-AKI. The effect and whether early administration of these drugs to prevent CSA-AKI is effective remain uncertain, so is the administration of renal replacement therapy. We will demonstrate some typical studies that focus on the prevention of CSA-AKI and may delight further research.